lesson 9 cognitive model of depression

Question 1

cognitive triad ao1

Answer 1

-Beck 1960
-believes that people become depressed because they have a negative outlook and develop negative schemas which dominate their thinking
-negative schemas often develop in childhood whereby parents or adults have been overly critical towards them, negative schemas continue into adulthood and provides negative framework, whereby life is viewed in a negative way, can cause depressive thoughts
-self blame- feel they are responsible for all misfortunes, ineptness- expect themselves to fail at everything

Question 2

cognitive triad stages

Answer 2

stage 1- negative thoughts about self- persons has nrgative thoughts about themselves and might feel worthless and helpless, criticise themselces at every opportunity
stage 2- negative thoughts about the world- person has negative thoughts that extend to the wider world around them, negative and distorted thinking continues on a larger scale, more global and negative
stage 3- negative thoughts about the future- person begins to think negatively about their future which may seem bleak and negative, can cause low self-esteem, negative thoughts and depressed about future, can lead to suicidal

Question 3

cognitive triad ao3

Answer 3

-has become very influential within psychooogy during last 30 years especially as the theory has been based on sound experimental research that is objective and permits testing
-cause and effect is not clear, needs to be investigated further so that psycholgists can be sure which causes which
-criticises the behavioural approach when examining causes of depression, states depression is caused by learning and environment whereas cognitive states negative thinking is the cause, attempts to combine them both to form cb approach
-Terry (2000) assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability and depression before and after birth, found that women who had high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post natal depression
-does not explain how some symptoms of depression might develop, some depressed patients show symtpoms of anger, hallucinations, bizarre beliefs, fails to account how these symptoms occur

Question 4

ABC model ao1

Answer 4

-Ellis proposed that depression is caused by irrational beliefs
Activating point, patients record events leading to negative thinking and this is triggered by an event in the environment around them, negative effect on mood and outlook
Beliefs- patients record their thoughts associated with the event, rational or irrational
Consequences- record emotional response to their beliefs, irrational beliefs can lead to negative emotions, consequences could be debated with many different options
Mustabatory thinking- can cause irrational and negative thinking that can be emotionally damaging, includes extreme ideals, holding these beliefs leads to disappointment or depression as they are too idealistic and expectations are too high

Question 5

abc model ao3

Answer 5

-Bates (1999) found that depressed participants who were given negative thought statements became more ad more depressed, supporting the view that negative thinking leads to depression, knowing what causes depression can help provide effective treatments for curing
-cause and effect still not clear and established
-blames the client when looking at causes, gives client some power to change the situation and improve their symptoms however it could mean that situational factors that have caused the depression are overlooked, only examines negative and irrational thoughts alone
-criticised by biological approach, suggests that genes and neurotransmitters may cause depression, Zhang (2005) found there is a gene related to depression that makes it ten times more likely for someone to develop the illness
-model is based on sound scientific evidence that permits objective testing, allows improvement of model, allows greater understanding of depression
-supporting evidence that people who develop depressiom in adulthood tended to experience insecure attachments in childhood, seems to link insecure childhood attachments contributing to negative thinking which can cause depression in adulthood