Lesson 9 Flashcards
What major challenges did the world face during the final centuries of the Middle Ages?
War, plague, and political upheaval
These challenges brought new perspectives on the church, leading to the Protestant Reformation.
Who became pope in 1294 and took the name Celestine V?
An aged Franciscan monk
He entered Rome barefoot and returned to monastic life after five months.
What significant action did Celestine V take after becoming pope?
He stripped himself of the papal position
This occurred just five months after his election.
What is the Babylonian Captivity in the context of the Roman Catholic Church?
A period when popes lived in Avignon for over 70 years
This era is characterized by corruption and challenges to papal authority.
What catastrophic event struck Europe in 1347?
The Black Plague
It likely spread from fleas on rats and resulted in millions of deaths.
How many lives did the Black Plague claim in Europe and Asia Minor?
23 million lives
Constantinople saw 88% of its population perish.
What significant action did Pope Gregory XI take in 1377?
He returned to Rome at the urging of Catherine of Siena
This was an attempt to resolve ongoing issues with the papacy.
What resulted from the refusal of Pope Urban VI to resign?
The Western Schism
This led to the existence of two popes: Urban VI and Clement VII.
What did the Council of Pisa aim to achieve in 1409?
To end the double papacy by electing one pope
Unfortunately, both previous popes refused to resign, resulting in three popes.
Who was John Wycliffe and what was his contribution to the church?
An English theologian who suggested the church was the people of God
He translated the Bible into English to enable believers to seek truth in the Scriptures.
What happened to Jan Hus in 1415?
He was burned alive at the stake for his teachings
The Council of Constance also had Wycliffe’s bones unearthed and burned.
What was the Common Life Movement?
A movement among Christians in Holland blending scholarship with devotion
Thomas A’Kempis was a notable figure from this movement.
Who was Joan of Arc and what did she accomplish?
A peasant girl who led the French army during the Hundred Years’ War
She was captured and burned alive as a heretic in 1431.
What significant historical events occurred in 1453?
The end of the Hundred Years’ War and the fall of Constantinople
These events marked a significant shift in power and influence in Europe.
What happened to the Hagia Sophia on May 29, 1453?
It became a mosque after the fall of Constantinople
The church had hosted a Communion service the day before.
What was the impact of Greek manuscripts on the Renaissance?
They influenced a renaissance of interest in ancient rhetoric, art, and writing
This influx was due to Christian scholars fleeing west from Constantinople.
Who pioneered the use of movable metal type for printing books?
Johann Gutenberg
His innovations allowed for mass production of texts, including the Bible.
What significant work did Erasmus publish in 1516?
A Greek New Testament
This made the original words of the apostles accessible to the public.
True or False: Erasmus was a faithful Catholic priest and his work contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
True
His Greek New Testament became a crucial tool for reformers.
