Lesson 6

Question 1

lived in Mecca, a trading post in Arabia.

Answer 1

Muhammad

Question 2

Followers of Muhammad became known as
____ from the Arabic “Islam” (“submission”).

Answer 2

“Muslims”

Question 3

The words that Muhammad claimed to have received from the angel Gabriel were eventually recorded in the ___ (“recitation”).

Answer 3

Qur’an

Question 4

In 610, Muhammad claimed an angel had entrusted him with words from ___, the one true God.

Answer 4

Allah

Question 5

*Muslims believe that Muhammad journeyed into the heavens from the _______

Answer 5

Dome of the Rock

Question 6

After Muhammad’s death, Muslims conquered

Answer 6

Arabia, North Africa, the Holy Land, and Spain.

Question 7

• In A. D. 732, ______ stopped their advance at the ______

Answer 7

Charles Martel,

Battle of Tours.

Question 8

_____ rejected all idols and even pointed out that many Christians seemed to worship icons of Jesus (something that also concerned many Christians).

Answer 8

Muslims

Question 9

• In 725, a volcano rocked Constantinople; the eastern emperor wondered if this was a punishment for icon-worship. Icons in an Orthodox Church are the images.

Answer 9

Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Question 10

“iconodules”

Answer 10

(“icon
Kissers”)

Question 11

“iconoclasts”

Answer 11

(“icons smashers”).

Question 12

• At first, the emperor sided with the _____.

Answer 12

iconoclasts

Question 13

• _____;claimed that iconodules were idolizing
their icons.

Answer 13

Iconoclasts

Question 14

• In 787, the ________ allowed
reverence of icons but clearly forbade worship of icons.

Answer 14

Second Council of Nicaea

Question 15

• In 496, ____ chief of the Franks, accepted the Nicene Creed and supported the Roman church.

Answer 15

Clovis

Question 16

___ became king of the Franks in 768; he strongly supported the Roman Catholic Church.

Answer 16

Charles

Question 17

King Charles later became known as _____.

Answer 17

“Charlemagne” or
“Charles the Great.”

Question 18

• In 799, power-hungry Italian nobles accused _____ of embezzlement.

Answer 18

Pope Leo III

Question 19

• On Christmas Day, 800, Pope Leo III dubbed
Charles _______ in continuity with the
rulers of ancient Rome.
• The church had created an emperor.

Answer 19

“Holy Roman Emperor”

Question 20

• For many years, Christians in the eastern and western regions viewed themselves as members of one Church, despite disagreements.
• Between the 9th and 13th centuries, however, the Church splits into two communions:

Answer 20

Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox

Question 21

• There were three primary reasons for the split
between Roman Catholicism (west) and Eastern
Orthodoxy:

Answer 21

1. The Filioque Controversy
2. The Great Schism of 1054
3. The Fourth Crusade

Question 22

• Churches in Western Europe had added the word filioque (“and the Son”) to the Nicene Creed in the AD 500s.

Answer 22

The Filioque Controversy

Question 23

Eastern Christians recited, “The Holy Spirit … proceeds from the Father.”
Western Christians recited, “The Holy Spirit …
proceeds from the Father and the Son.”

Answer 23

The Filioque Controversy

Question 24

• _____ bishop of Constantinople, spoke out against the added phrase in 867.

Answer 24

Photius

Question 25

• Photius declared the phrase to be heretical and excommunicated _____, bishop of Rome.

Answer 25

Pope Nicholas,

Question 26

• On July 16, 1054, Bishop Humbert of Rome placed a notice of excommunication on the Lord’s Supper Table of the Church of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople. • Humbert’s notice accused Eastern Christians of adding filioque to the Nicene Creed—the precise opposite of the truth!

Answer 26

The Great Schism of 1054

Question 27

Crusades • In 1095, ____ called for a crusade to take Jerusalem from the “Turks and Arabs.”

Answer 27

Pope Urban II

Question 28

• The pope promised anyone who participated in the Crusade the ________

Answer 28

“equivalent of penance.”

Question 29

Conquered Jerusalem, brutally slaughtering Jews and Muslims.

Answer 29

The First Crusade (July 15, 1099)

Question 30

Failed to take Edessa from the Muslims; afterward, Jerusalem fell into Muslim hands again.

Answer 30

The Second Crusade (1147–1149)

Question 31

Also failed to retake Jerusalem.

Answer 31

The Third Crusade (1189–1192)

Question 32

Never reached the Holy Land and became entangled in a series of financial and political issues which brought the Crusaders to Constantinople.

Answer 32

The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204)

Question 33

On Good Friday, 1204, the western Crusaders broke through the walls of Constantinople. For three days, the Crusaders ____, ______, and _____ eastern Christians in the name of Christ. • The relationships between eastern and western Christians never recovered from those three days. In 2004, Pope John Paul II declared, “How can we not share, even at a distance of eight centuries, the pain and disgust? The fact that the Crusaders were Latin Christians fills Catholics with deep regret.”

Answer 33

the Crusaders killed, tortured, and raped eastern Christians in the name of Christ.