Lesson 9 Flashcards
Water constitutues about _____ percent of an adults body weight
60%
It brings to each cell the ingredients it requires and carry away the end products
Body fluids
Carrier nutrients and waste products throughout the body
Water
Aids in the regulation of normal body temperature
Water
Act as a lubricant and cushion around joints
Water
What part of the brain initiates drinking behavior
Hypothalamus
Rare but can occur with excessive water consumption and kidney disorders that reduce urine production
Water intoxication
The body stimulate pituitary gland to release _____ whenever the salts are too concentrated
ADH / antidiuretic hormone
The body must secrete a minimum of about ________ each day as a urine
500 milliter (about ½ quart)
A person’s water losses from all these routes total about _______ a day on the average
2 ½ liters
Charge particles ??
Ions
A salt that dissociates in water
Electrolyte
The body fluid, which contain water and partly dissociate salts are
Electrolyte solutions
It moves ion into or out of the cell
Protein
It regulates the body’s sodium, as well as its water, with remarkable precision
Kidneys
It filters all the sodium out of the blood
Kidneys
Substances that can accommodate excess acids or bases
Buffers
Serves as a first line of defense against changes in the fluids acid base balance
Buffer systems
Plays the primary role in maintaining acid base balance
Kidneys
The major minerals that influence the body’s fluid balance:
SCP
Sodium
Chlorine
Potassium
Critical to nerve transmission and muscle contractions
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
They are involved in energy metabolism
Phosphorus magnesium
Contribute to structure bones
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Calcium
Helps to determine the shape of proteins
Sulfur
Toxicity symptoms of sodium
Hypertension
Part of the hydrochloric acid
Chloride
Maintains cells normal fluid balance and acid base balance in the body
Sodium
Maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance
Potassium
The principal mineral of bones and teeth
Calcium
Mineralization of both teeth and bones
Phosphorus
Parts of the protein hemoglobin
Iron
Carries oxygen in the blood
Hemoglobin
Deficiency symptoms of iron
Anemia
Involved in making genetic material and proteins, immune reactions, transport of vitamin A
Zinc
A component of two thyroid hormones
Iodine
Deficiency symptoms of iodine
Goiter, cretinism
Necessary for the absorption and use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin
Copper
It toxicity symptoms are nervous system disorders
Manganese
It helps to make teeth resistant to decay
Fluoride
Pitting and discoloration of teeth
Fluorosis
Weak malformed bones
Skeletal fluorosis
Enhances insulin action and may improve glucose tolerance
Chromium
One of the world’s most common preventablr causes of mental retardation
Iodine
