Lesson 3 Flashcards
Organic compounds that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates
Hydrogen and oxygen usually occur in a ratio of ____ as in H2O
2:1
They provide the source energy of the body
Carbohydrates
Saccharides in carbohydrates
Starches and sugars
Dietary carbohydrates include the _______
Sugars, starches, fibers
Chemist describes sugars as:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Double sugars
Disaccharides
Single sugars
Monosaccharides
Compounds composed of chains of monosaccharide units
Polysaccharides
Starch and fibers are what?
choices: mono, di, or poly
Polysaccharides
Device that check blood sugar
Glucometer
Normal glucose in the body
70-100 mg/dL or 80-120 mg/dL
What are the three monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Main fuel of our cells
Glucose
Where can the body obtain glucose?
Carbohydrates
The sweetest of sugars
Fructose
Main source of energy
Glucose
This occurs in fruits, honey, and as part of table sugar
Fructose
It is consumed in sweet beverages such as softdrinks, in ready-to-eat cereals
Fructose
Most common monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
The third single sugar, occurs mostly as part of lactose
Galactose
What are the three disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
The most familiar of the three disaccharides
Surcrose
This is what people mean when they speak of sugar
Sucrose
It is usually obtained by refining the juice from sugar beets or sugarcane
Sugar (or Sucrose)
The sucrose splits into ______ and ______
Glucose and fructose
The principal carbohydrate of milk
Lactose
Lactose split into two parts
Glucose - galactose
The third disaccharide
Maltose
The maltose disaccharides consists of _______
Two glucose
It is produced whenever starch breaks down
Maltose
Three types polysaccharides
Glycogen
Starch
Fiber
This saccharides is composed of almost entirely glucose
Polysaccharides
Molecules that are “made of chains of glucose”
Glycogen
Where can glycogen be found?
Meats
Where glycogen cam be store in the human body?
Liver and muscles
A long, straight, or branched chain of hundreds or thousands of glucose linked together
Starch
These molecules are packed inside by sude in grains such as wheat and rice, potstoes
Starch
Are the structural parts of plants found in all plant derived food -vegetables
If blood glucose fall below normal, a person may become ____
Dizzy and weak
A disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose
Diabetes
Two hormones regulated in blood glucose homeostasis
Insulin and glucagon
It moves glucose from the blood into the cells
Insulin
Bring glucose OUT of storage when blood glucose falls
Glucagon
What is the first organ to respond when blood glucose arises
Pancreas
This organ releases hormone insulin
Pancreas
A hormone that is secreted by special cells in the pancreas in response to low blood glucose concentration
Glucagon
A member of class of compounds called lipids
Fats
The lipids in foods and in the human body include:
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols
Triglycerides consists of
Fats and oil
Give function of fats in the body
Energy stores
Muscle fuels
Padding
Insulation
Cell membranes
Raw materials
The body’s chief form of stored energy
Fats
When people talk about “I am too fat” or “The meat is fatty”. This refers to:
Triglycerides
This predominate in the diet and the body
Triglycerides
Explain triglycerides
Three fatty acids attached to glycerol
Fat fragments are linked together
Fatty acids
What fats: solid at room temperature
Saturated fats
What fats: liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated fats
Solid at room temperature can be found in meats, butter, and dairy products
Saturated fats
Liquid at room temperature and can be found in vegetable oils
Unsaturated fats
The bad cholesterol
LDL / low-density lipoproteins
The good cholesterol
HDL / high-density lipoproteins
Where is LDL broken down
Liver
An unhealthy substance that is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils
Trans fatty acids
Found in abundance of deep fried foods
Trans fatty acids
What are the essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
These fatty acids cannot be made from substances of the body, it must be obtained from food
Essential fatty acids
Two omegas?
Omega-3 fatty acid
Omega-6 fatty acid
Three main classes of lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterol
Compounds that are similar to triglycerides but have choline
Phospholipids
They act as emulsifier in the body
Phospholipids
Are large, complex molecules consisiting of interconnected rings of carbon
Sterols
The most familiar sterol
Cholesterol
What foods are highest in cholesterol
Liver
Kidneys
Eggs
What organ manufactures the cholesterol
Liver
Another name for cholesterol synthesis
Cholesterogenesis
What aid in the digestion and absorption of fat
Bile
What do you call the package of lipids and proteins
Lipoproteins
A disease that cause heart attacks and stroke
Atherosclerosis
