Lesson 9 Flashcards
It is a refractive error
Hyperopia
The eye does not bend or refract light properly to a single focus to see images clearly
Hyperopia
Distant objects look somewhat clear, but close objects appear more blurred
Hyperopia
Eyes gradually lose the ability to see things clearly up close
Presbyopia
It is a changes in vision that is a normal part of aging
Presbyopia
It comes from a Greek word which means “old eye”
Presbyopia
Presbyopia may start to notice shortly after what age
40
A common vision condition in which you can see objects near to clearly, but objects farther away are blurry
Myopia
The shape of eyes causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of your retina instead of on your retina
Myopia
An area partial alteration in the field of vision consisting a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity
Scotomas
It is thr double vision
Diplopia
When eyes are not lined up properly and they point in different directions
Strabismus
It is called the areas you can’t see
Blind spots
Partial loss of vision
Scotomas
When you see two images of the same thing
Double vision / Diplopia
Eye discomfort in bright light
Photophobia
Fesr of light
Photophobia
4 examples of changes in vision
Hyperopia
Presbyopia
Myopia
Scotomas
What are the areas of history interview in the eye
Eye history
Family history
Lifestyle habits
Components of eye examination
Vision test
Extraocular movements
This physical examination includes assessment of cardinal fields, convergence, corneal light test, cover-uncover test
Extraocular movements
Expressed as two numbers
Visual acuity
This part indicates the distance of the patient from the chart and this number should always be 20 unless the patient moved closer to see
Numerator
The distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters
Denominator
A special hand held card which helps identify the need of reading of glasses or biforcals in patients older than 45 years
Rosenbaum Chart
This can be utilized to test visual acuity at the bedside
Rosenbaum Chart
Held 14 inches from the patient’s eyes, the card stimulates a _______
Snellen Chart
What to check in external eye examination
Position and allignment of the eye
Eyebrows
Eyelids
Open area between the upper and lower eyelids
Palpebral fissures
What to check or inspect in the cornea and lens
Opacity
It is normally fairly flat and forms a relatively oprn angle with the cornea, the lightnings cast no shadow
Iris
What to inspect in pupils
Size, shape, and symmetry
What size if the pupil large
5 mm
What size if the pupil small
3 mm
The nurse would examine the patient’s eyes without dilating pupils
Opthalmic Examination
The view is therefore limited to the posterior structures of retina
Ophthalmic examination
Opthalmologists dilate the pupils the patients with the use of
Mydriatic Drops
A fine rhythmic oscillation of the eyes
Nystagmus
A fine rhythmic oscillation in the eyes
Nystagmus
This test helps identify the cause of excessive tearing
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Known as lazy eye
Amblyopia
This loss of vision is du4 to an alteration in neutral pathways in the developing brain which in turn decreases
Amblyopia
Drooping of eyelid
Ptosis
More commonly in the elderly, in an inward turning of the lid margin
Entropion
The margin of the lower lid is turned outward
Ectropion
The eyeball protudes forward
Exophthalmos
Wide eye stare
Lid retraction
A superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury inflammation
Corneal Scar
A thin grayish white arc or not quite at the edge of the cornea
Corneal Arcus
Opacities of lenses through pupil
Cataract
A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the surface of cornea, usually from the nasal side
Pterygium
Looks gray when seen by the flashlight, gray opacity is surrounded by a black rim
Nuclear Cataract
Produces spoke like shadows that point inward-gray against black, as seen with the flashlight, or black against red with ophthalmoscope
Peripheral Cataract
E chart
Snellen chart
Near vision card
Rosenbaum Eye Chart
What to inspect in internal eye examination
Cornea and Lens
Iris
Pupils
Cranial nerve of Optic
Cranial II
