Lesson 12 Flashcards
A system made of heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, removing waste products, and maintaining perfusion to the organs and tissues
Cardiovascular System
The pump that drives circulation of blood
Heart
The pathways to and from the tissues
Blood vessels
A hollow muscular organ a little larger than the patient’s fist
Heart
Heart is between what intercostal
2nd and 5th
______ of the heart lies to the left and midline of sternum
2/3
The area of exterior chest that overlays the heart and great vessels
Precordium
It is helpful to visualize the underlying structures of the heart
Precordium
Occupies most of the anterior cardiac surface
Right ventricle
Located at the right and left 2nd intercostal spaces next to the sternum
Base of the heart
Behind the right ventricle and to thr left, outlined below in black, forms the left margin of the heart
Left ventricle
Tapered inferior tip
Apex of the heart
It produces the apical pulse
Apex
Identified during palpation of the precordium as the point of maximal impulse or pmi
Apex
Located at the left border of the heart and is normally found in the 5th intercostal space
Apical impulse / Apex
In supine patients, the diameter of PMI is
1 cm to 2.5 cm
Stimulates and coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle
Electrical Conduction System
A group of specialized cardiac cells located in the right atrium near the junction of vena cava
Sinus node
It acts as pacemaker and automatically discharges an impulse about 60-100 times a minute
Sinus node
A specialized group of cells located low in the atrial septum
Atrioventricular node
Muscular contraction follows: first the _______, then the _______
Atria ; ventricles
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle
Cardiac Output
Refers to the load that stretches the csrdiac muscle before contraction
Preload
Refers to the ability of the cardiac muscle, to shorten or contract
Myocardial Contractility
Refers to the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction
Afterload
Varies during the cardiac cycle, peaking in systole,and falling to its lowest through in diastole
Blood Pressure
A blood pressure cuff
Sphygmomanometer
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is
Pulse pressure
The volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat
Stroke volume
Stroke volume consists if
Preload
Myocardial Contraction
Afterload
Cardiac output is a product of ______ and ______
heart rate and stroke volume
Best estimate the jugular venous pressure
Right internal jugulsr vein
Poor perfusion of oxygen
Cyanosis / Pallor
Orbital edema may indicate
Heart failure
What is the great vessel of the neck
Carotid Artery Pulse
Provides valuable information about cardiac function and is especially useful for detecting stenosis or insufficiency of thr aortic valve
Carotid Artery Pulse
Common cause of neck pain
Stenosis
To assess amplitude and contour of the carotid pulse, the patient should be lying down with the head of the bed elevated to __________ degrees
30°
This correlates well with the pulse pressure
The amplitude of the Pulse
