Lesson 9 & 10 Quiz 6 Flashcards
is an oral or written record of man’s
significant experiences that are artistically
conveyed in a prosaic manner.
Literature
of man’s knowledge are
expressed directly in books, periodicals, and
online reading materials
Direct expressions
are man’s inferences or
reflections of surroundings that are not
written or spoken at all.
Indirect Expressions
is an analysis of
man’s written or spoken knowledge of the world.
- examine representation of man’s thinking
about the world to determine the connection of
your research with what people already know
about it
Review of Related Literature
deals with both formal or direct and
informal or indirect expression of man’s
knowledge.
RRL
is an integrated synthesis drawing upon a select list of academic sources with a strong relation to the topic in question. It is a paper that includes a description and a critical evaluation of past research.
literature review
-summarize present forms of knowledge
on a specific subject.
- aim here is to give an expanded or
new understanding of an existing work.
-this kind of review is prone to subjectivity.
- this does not require you to describe your
method of reviewing literature but expects
you to state your intentions in conducting the
review and to name the sources of
information.
- with this kind there is freedom or
flexibility in doing RRL
Traditional Review of Literature
analysis of concepts
or ideas to give meaning to some national
or world issues.
Conceptual review
focuses on theories or
hypotheses and examines meanings and
results of their application to situations.
Critical review
makes the
researcher deal with the latest research
studies on the subject.
State-of-the-art Review
encourages a well-known expert to do RRL because of the
influence of a certain ideology,
paradigm, or belief on him/her.
Expert review
prepares a situation for a future research work in the form of project making about community development, government policies, and health services among others.
Scoping review
- is a style of RRL that involves
sequential acts of a review of related
literature. - it has no particular method but
requires you to go through series of steps
and it is a bias-free style(objectivity).
Systematic Review of Literature
- indicates the organizational pattern or
order of the components of the summary of
the RRL results
Structure of RRL
summary resembles to
an essay where series of united sentences
presents RRL results but varies based on the
subject and area of specialization.
Traditional review
are a type of literature review that
uses systematic methods to collect secondary data,
critically appraise research studies, and synthesize
studies. Systematic reviews formulate research questions
that are broad or narrow in scope, and identify and
synthesize studies that directly relate to the systematic
review question.
Systematic review
• An introduction to explain the organizational method of the literature review. • Introduce your topic and briefly explain why this is a significant or important area of study. • Define terms if necessary
INTRODUCTION
• contain summary of articles or thesis of similar study • can include headings and subheadings to indicate the right placement of the supporting statements • explain the purpose, how it was conducted (how information was gathered), and • Major findings from similar research paper studies that would help support or justify your chosen topic
BODY OF THE RRL
Make a summary of all significant points drawn from the literature and the major findings of the studies chosen • Highlight information gaps or any errors that you were able to find in the existing knowledge • Explain how the study fills the gaps of existing knowledge • Comments about what questions need to still be answered may be included • Make a suggestion regarding the possibility for further research.
CONCLUSION
-devote much of your time in looking for sources of knowledge, data, or information to answer your research questions or support your assumptions about your research topic.
Stage 1: Search for the Literature
that will direct you to the
location of other sources
General references
that will directly report or
present a person’s own experiences.
Primary sources
that report or describe
other people’s experiences or worldviews. Ex.
Books, internet, leaflets and posters, research
studies in progress, etc.
Secondary sources
Consider sources of knowledge that refer
more to primary data than to secondary data.
-reading or making sense of the source
materials does not only make you list down
ideas from the materials but also permits to
modify, construct, or reconstruct ideas based
on a certain principle, theory, pattern,
method, or theme underlying your research.
Stage 2: Reading the Source Material
deals with connection and
organization of ideas to form an overall
understanding.
Stage 3: Writing the Review
a poor literature
review writing due to transferring or listing
merely writer’s ideas that is devoid of or not
reflective of your thinking.
Dump or stringing method
or dealing with studies with
respect to each other is a way of proving the
extent of the validity of the findings of
previous studies vis-à-vis of the recent ones.
Juxtaposting
also, additionally, again,
similarly, a similar opinion, however, conversely,
on the other hand, nevertheless, a contrasting
opinion, a different approach, etc.
Transitional devices
analyze, guess, assess, assert,
assume, claim, compare, contrast, conclude,
criticize, debate, defend, define, demonstrate, etc.
Active verbs
the beginning portion of the
work that identifies individuals who have
contributed something for the production of the
paper
Acknowledgment
a complete
list of all reading materials, including
books, journals, periodicals, etc. from
where the borrowed ideas came from.
References of Bibliography
references within the main body of the
text, specifically in RRL.
Citation or In-text Citation
This is one way of citing or
referring to the author whose ideas
appear in your work.
Integral Citation
This style downplays any strength of the
writer’s personal characteristics. The stress is
given to the piece of information rather than the
owner of the ideas.
Non-integral Citation
The citation is a shortened version
of the original text that is expressed in your
own language.
Summary
This is antithesis of the first one
because, here, explains what the text means to
you using your own words.
Paraphrase
Only a part of the
author’s sentence, the whole sentence, or several
sentences, not exceeding 40 words, is what you
can quote or repeat in writing.
Short Direct Quotation
This pattern makes you copy the author’s exact words numbering
from 40 up to 100 words. Under APA, the limit is 8 lines, placed
at the center of the page with no indentation, and look like a
stanza of a poem.
Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract.
meaning of APA
American Psychological Association
meaning of MLA
Modern Language Association
Active verbs are effective words to use in
reporting author’s ideas: present, simple past, or present
perfect tense.
Tense of Verbs for reporting
- is an act of quoting or copying the exact words of
the writer and passing the quoted words off as your own
words. - taking ownership of what do not belong to you is a
criminal act that is punishable by imprisonment and
indemnity or payment of money to compensate for any
losses incurred by owners of expressions that you copied
without their permission.
Plagiarism
