Lesson 8 - Plant Systems Flashcards
Organisms with everything that it needs to survive (like food, nutrients, water, oxygen and elimination of waste) all housed in one cell.
Unicellular organisms
Organisms with specialized cells that help the organism survive (like food, nutrients, water, oxygen and elimination of waste) housed in multiple different cells making it more efficient.
Multicellular organisms
Groups of specialized cells in multicellular organisms
Tissue
An arrangement of multiple tissues make a?
Organ
Organs work together to form a ?
System
The combination of several systems make up a?
Organism
Plants do not require food to live. What is it in a plant that can turn solar energy into stored energy (glucose) using water (from the roots) and CO2 (from leaves and stems? What is this process called?
Chloroplast
Process is photosynthesis
Besides glucose (stored energy) what else is created during photosynthesis?
Oxygen
During photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a waste product through the cell’s mitochondria. What is this process called?
cellular respiration
What are the two systems in a plant?
- Shoot system (everything above the ground; responsible for photosynthesis and gas exchange)
- Root system (everything below the ground; responsible for food storage and obtaining water)
What are the four major types of tissues in plants?
- dermal tissue
- ground tissue
- vascular tissue
- meristems
What is the dermal tissue in a plant?
one cell thick layer that covers all portions of the plant ; in the shoot system it is to PROTECT the plant and ALLOW FOR GAS EXCHANGE with the air; in the root system it facilitates WATER EXCHANGE in the roots
This tissue makes up the majority of the mass in a plant. Shoot system - provides support for the stem of the plant and performs photosynthesis in the leaves
Root system - stores glucose created in photosynthesis
Ground Tissue
This plant tissue consists of small tubes that run from the leaves to the roots and vice versa.
Its function is to transport water from the roots of the plant up to the leaves and bring SUGAR created in photosynthesis back down to the roots for storage.
Vascular Tissue
What is a meristem tissue in a plant?
Meristems exist to allow for plant growth.
Consist of unspecialized cells that are able to divide rapidly.
They are found on the end of plant buds, roots and shoots.
Tissue on a plant covered with one cell thick layer of flat cells
The Plant Leaf (Epidermis- Dermal Tissue)
The cells of the DERMAL TISSUE on the upper and lower portions of a plant’s leaves are coated with a waxy substance called? Used to prevent the evaporation of water from the leaf.
cuticle
Embedded within the dermal tissue of the shoot system are small pores that allow for gas and water exchange between the plant and surrounding environment. What regulates the opening and closing of these pores?
Guard Cells
The structure formed by two guard cells and their pore is called a?
Stoma
Stomata (plural)
When do stomata open?
In the presence of sunlight
Stomata open in sunlight and by the active transport of potassium ions into the guard cell, followed by an influx of water due to OSMOSIS, causing the guard cells to become turgid (swollen) and open.
What does this allow to happen?
CO2 to enter the leaf and water vapor to leave by TRANSPIRATION
What type of cells line the upper portion of the leaf’s interior and contain many chloroplasts?
Palisade Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)
Where does the majority of the plant’s photosynthesis occur?
Palisade Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)
These cells are round and loosely fill the rest of the leaf’s interior. They also contain chloroplasts and thus produce glucose by photosynthesis, but to a lesser extent than palisade mesophyll cells.
Spongy Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)
Spongy Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue) are loosely packed within the leaf to allows for?
Gases to easily diffuse UP to the palisade mesophyll layer.
What are the names of the bundles of VASCULAR Tissue known as the veins in a leaf?
Xylem and Phloem (Vascular Tissue)
What do the vascular bundles in a leaf’s veins (Xylem and Phloem (Vascular Tissue) do?
Transport materials through the plant - xylem transports water from roots to the leaves
Phloem transports sugar from the leaves back to the roots.
Contains an epidermis and cuticle, similar to the leaves in a plant. NOTE: Cells forming bark or woody parts of a plant are part of the PERIDERM and are no longer considered to be dermal tissue.
The Plant Stem (Epidermis) - Dermal Tissue
What are the structures called in a stem that make gas exchange possible in the roots and stem?
Lenticels
These vascular tissues extend from the leaf down through the stem of a plant. Flowering plants are traditionally separated into one of two classes: monocots and dicots.
Vascular bundles (vascular tissue)
Flowering plants are traditionally separated into one of two classes?
monocots and dicots
Vascular bundles in monocots (in flowering plants) are where in the stem of the plant?
scattered throughout
Vascular bundles in dicots (in flowering plants) are where in the stem of the plant?
arranged in a ring
What do sclerenchyma (ground tissue) function as what in the stem of a plant?
These cells provide SUPPORT for the stem of a plant.
What are the two types of plant roots?
Root Hairs (dermal tissue) and Parenchyma (Ground Tissue)
What do the root hairs (dermal tissue) do?
SA/V ratio makes them ideally suited for absorbing water from the soil
What do the PARENCHYMA (ground tissue) do?
This plant root cells act as STORAGE for excess glucose - often converting these to STARCH during storage.
