Lesson 8 - Plant Systems

Question 1

Organisms with everything that it needs to survive (like food, nutrients, water, oxygen and elimination of waste) all housed in one cell.

Answer 1

Unicellular organisms

Question 2

Organisms with specialized cells that help the organism survive (like food, nutrients, water, oxygen and elimination of waste) housed in multiple different cells making it more efficient.

Answer 2

Multicellular organisms

Question 3

Groups of specialized cells in multicellular organisms

Answer 3

Tissue

Question 4

An arrangement of multiple tissues make a?

Answer 4

Organ

Question 5

Organs work together to form a ?

Answer 5

System

Question 6

The combination of several systems make up a?

Answer 6

Organism

Question 7

Plants do not require food to live. What is it in a plant that can turn solar energy into stored energy (glucose) using water (from the roots) and CO2 (from leaves and stems? What is this process called?

Answer 7

Chloroplast

Process is photosynthesis

Question 8

Besides glucose (stored energy) what else is created during photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

During photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a waste product through the cell’s mitochondria. What is this process called?

Answer 9

cellular respiration

Question 10

What are the two systems in a plant?

Answer 10

1. Shoot system (everything above the ground; responsible for photosynthesis and gas exchange)
2. Root system (everything below the ground; responsible for food storage and obtaining water)

Question 11

What are the four major types of tissues in plants?

Answer 11

1. dermal tissue
2. ground tissue
3. vascular tissue
4. meristems

Question 12

What is the dermal tissue in a plant?

Answer 12

one cell thick layer that covers all portions of the plant ; in the shoot system it is to PROTECT the plant and ALLOW FOR GAS EXCHANGE with the air; in the root system it facilitates WATER EXCHANGE in the roots

Question 13

This tissue makes up the majority of the mass in a plant. Shoot system - provides support for the stem of the plant and performs photosynthesis in the leaves
Root system - stores glucose created in photosynthesis

Answer 13

Ground Tissue

Question 14

This plant tissue consists of small tubes that run from the leaves to the roots and vice versa.
Its function is to transport water from the roots of the plant up to the leaves and bring SUGAR created in photosynthesis back down to the roots for storage.

Answer 14

Vascular Tissue

Question 15

What is a meristem tissue in a plant?

Answer 15

Meristems exist to allow for plant growth.
Consist of unspecialized cells that are able to divide rapidly.
They are found on the end of plant buds, roots and shoots.

Question 16

Tissue on a plant covered with one cell thick layer of flat cells

Answer 16

The Plant Leaf (Epidermis- Dermal Tissue)

Question 17

The cells of the DERMAL TISSUE on the upper and lower portions of a plant’s leaves are coated with a waxy substance called? Used to prevent the evaporation of water from the leaf.

Answer 17

cuticle

Question 18

Embedded within the dermal tissue of the shoot system are small pores that allow for gas and water exchange between the plant and surrounding environment. What regulates the opening and closing of these pores?

Answer 18

Guard Cells

Question 19

The structure formed by two guard cells and their pore is called a?

Answer 19

Stoma

Stomata (plural)

Question 20

When do stomata open?

Answer 20

In the presence of sunlight

Question 21

Stomata open in sunlight and by the active transport of potassium ions into the guard cell, followed by an influx of water due to OSMOSIS, causing the guard cells to become turgid (swollen) and open.
What does this allow to happen?

Answer 21

CO2 to enter the leaf and water vapor to leave by TRANSPIRATION

Question 22

What type of cells line the upper portion of the leaf’s interior and contain many chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Palisade Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)

Question 23

Where does the majority of the plant’s photosynthesis occur?

Answer 23

Palisade Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)

Question 24

These cells are round and loosely fill the rest of the leaf’s interior. They also contain chloroplasts and thus produce glucose by photosynthesis, but to a lesser extent than palisade mesophyll cells.

Answer 24

Spongy Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue)

Question 25

Spongy Mesophyll Cells (ground tissue) are loosely packed within the leaf to allows for?

Answer 25

Gases to easily diffuse UP to the palisade mesophyll layer.

Question 26

What are the names of the bundles of VASCULAR Tissue known as the veins in a leaf?

Answer 26

Xylem and Phloem (Vascular Tissue)

Question 27

What do the vascular bundles in a leaf’s veins (Xylem and Phloem (Vascular Tissue) do?

Answer 27

Transport materials through the plant - xylem transports water from roots to the leaves
Phloem transports sugar from the leaves back to the roots.

Question 28

Contains an epidermis and cuticle, similar to the leaves in a plant. NOTE: Cells forming bark or woody parts of a plant are part of the PERIDERM and are no longer considered to be dermal tissue.

Answer 28

The Plant Stem (Epidermis) - Dermal Tissue

Question 29

What are the structures called in a stem that make gas exchange possible in the roots and stem?

Answer 29

Lenticels

Question 30

These vascular tissues extend from the leaf down through the stem of a plant. Flowering plants are traditionally separated into one of two classes: monocots and dicots.

Answer 30

Vascular bundles (vascular tissue)

Question 31

Flowering plants are traditionally separated into one of two classes?

Answer 31

monocots and dicots

Question 32

Vascular bundles in monocots (in flowering plants) are where in the stem of the plant?

Answer 32

scattered throughout

Question 33

Vascular bundles in dicots (in flowering plants) are where in the stem of the plant?

Answer 33

arranged in a ring

Question 34

What do sclerenchyma (ground tissue) function as what in the stem of a plant?

Answer 34

These cells provide SUPPORT for the stem of a plant.

Question 35

What are the two types of plant roots?

Answer 35

Root Hairs (dermal tissue) and Parenchyma (Ground Tissue)

Question 36

What do the root hairs (dermal tissue) do?

Answer 36

SA/V ratio makes them ideally suited for absorbing water from the soil

Question 37

What do the PARENCHYMA (ground tissue) do?

Answer 37

This plant root cells act as STORAGE for excess glucose - often converting these to STARCH during storage.