Active Transport & Cellular Transport Technologies - Lesson 6 Flashcards
What is active transport?
Where a cell needs a material to move in the direction OPPOSITE from where it naturally wants to move by diffusion - need to expel ENERGY UP the concentration gradient.
Example: like a plant root needs to take as many minerals as possible from the soil to the plant
Give an example of when active transport is needed.
Example: like a plant root needs to take as many minerals as possible from the soil to the plant - up the concentration gradient
What are the three types of active transport?
- protein pumps
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
A type of active transport.
Some proteins that are embedded within the cell membrane can ACT AS PUMPS to move material across the cell membrane in the opposite direction.
protein pumps
A type of active transport. Some molecules (such as cholesterol) are too large for even protein pumps to be able to bring them into the cell. The cell may envelope the molecule in a phospholipid bilayer forming a VESICLE that can bring the molecule into the cell. The molecule is recognized by a receptor protein embedded in the cell membrane.
Endocytosis
When a cell “EATS” by bringing in solid particles by endocytosis - what is this called?
phagocytosis
When a cell “DRINKS” by bringing in fluids by endocytosis - what is this called?
pinocytosis
A type of active transport.
The cell may also need to remove large molecules from its interior that cannot pass through the membrane by passive transport; the REVERSE of endocytosis.
exocytosis (EXO - means outside)
There are two main types of cellular transport technology - DIALYSIS. What are they?
- hemodialysis
2. peritoneal dialysis
When is dialysis needed?
When a patient’s kidneys being to fail and can no longer filter waste products from the bloodstream - dialysis is used to eliminate the waste.
In this process, a patient goes into the HOSPITAL and is attached to a large machine that draws blood from the body and pushed it through a DIALYZER.
The dialyzer contains a semi permeable membrane with clean dialysate fluid on the other side. The waste products pass from the blood into the dialysate by diffusion, and the clean blood is passed back into the body.
Hemodialysis
This process can be done in a patient’s HOME. The dialysate is released into the patient’s PERITONEAL cavity through a catheter. Waste products from the surrounding blood vessels diffuse into this clean dialysate solution, which is then DRAINED from the PERITONEAL cavity.
Peritoneal Dialysis
What is reverse osmosis?
Water purification technology
Impure water containing bacteria and dissolved solids are placed NEXT TO a semipermeable membrane containing PORES that only water may pass through.
A PUMP is used to push the water the OPPOSITE direction, leaving the impurities behind.
A transdermal PATCH can be used to deliver medications at a controlled rate. A small adhesive patch containing medication (like birth control or a nicotine releasing patch) that is stuck to the skin. The patch has a semipermeable membrane that allows the medication to DIFFUSE into the skin so it can be absorbed INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
Medication Delivery
Which direction occurs in active transport?
Moving UP
