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Bio 10 - Cannon > Cell Organelles - Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Cell Organelles - Lesson 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Discovered the first plant cells in 1665

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Surrounds the cell, holding in the fluids and materials the cell needs to survive

A

cell membrane (plasma membrane)

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3
Q

The cell membrane is made up of… (3 things) that allow materials to transfer through the membrane

A

phospholipids, bilayer, proteins

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4
Q

What are the many organelles within the cell suspended in? A jelly like substance that fills in the extra space in the cell.

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

The control centre of a cell

A

nucleus

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6
Q

A membrane containing pores for material transfer

A

nuclear envelope

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7
Q

The nucleus contains the cell’s… ?

A

DNA; genetic information

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8
Q

What is produced in the nucleolus, located inside the nucleus?

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

What do the the ribosomes created in the nucleolus produce?

A

protein

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10
Q

What are these packages of proteins that are ready for transport that the ribosomes create in the nucleolus called?

A

vesicles

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11
Q

Tube-like structures that come in 2 types?

A

ER - Endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

What are the two types of ER?

A

smooth and rough

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13
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum are covered in? What do they do?

A

They are covered in ribosomes. They assist with the transport of materials around the cell.

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14
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are not covered in ribosomes. What is their function?

A

They make lipids(fats) and help package materials into vesicles for transport.

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15
Q

Small transport bubbles created by pinching off the cell membrane are called?

A

Vesicles

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16
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

They often bring material from the ER to the Golgi Apparatus and also from the Golgi Apparatus to other locations around the cell where materials are needed.

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17
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body?

A

Modifies proteins and then repackages them to be sent elsewhere in the cell (or to the cell membrane to be removed from the cell’s interior). The Golgi Apparatus also produces lysosomes.

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18
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

Special vesicles containing digestive enzymes that can be used to break down food, destroy dead cell parts, or kill intruders in the cell. Plant cells do not contain lysosomes.

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19
Q

What are the three things the digestive enzymes of a lysosome can do?

A
  1. breakdown food 2. destroy dead cell parts 3. kill intruders in the cell
20
Q

Do plant cells contain lysosomes?

A

no

21
Q

What is the name of the powerhouse of a cell?

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

What does mitochondria do?

A

converts the stored chemical energy in glucose into useable energy for the cell in the form of ATP

23
Q

What is the stored chemical energy in glucose converted to by mitochondria?

A

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

24
Q

What is the conversion of the chemical energy from glucose to ATP called?

A

Cellular respiration

25
Q

Small, cylindrical structures that are used to help a nucleus divide during cell division.

A

Centrioles

26
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Move the copies of the original genetic material to the correct location in each of the new cells.

27
Q

Do plant cells contain centrioles?

A

No

28
Q

Storage sacks containing water, food particles and minerals. Found in animal cells.

A

Vacuoles

29
Q

Where are vacuoles found?

A

Animal cells contain many small vacuoles scattered throughout the cell’s interior.

30
Q

Plant cells contain all of the organelles mentioned for animals cells, but they do not contain two things? What are they?

A

Lysosomes and Centrioles

31
Q

How many vacuoles are found in a plant cell?

A

One large one.

32
Q

What does a vacuole do in a plant cell?

A

It occupies most of the cell’s volume, providing liquid pressure to keep the plant cell rigid.

33
Q

Plant cells are covered by a rigid cell wall composed of?

A

cellulose

34
Q

What does the plant cell wall provide?

A

protection for the cell and helps to maintain its shape

35
Q

What is an organelle in plant cells that uses solar energy, water and carbon dioxide?

A

Chloroplast

36
Q

What are the three things that a chloroplast (organelle in a plant cell) need?

A
  1. solar energy 2. water 3. carbon dioxide
37
Q

What does the process of photosynthesis manufacture?

A

glucose and oxygen gas as a waste product

38
Q

Why is photosynthesis possible?

A

because of a green pigment called chlorophyll located in the chloroplast

39
Q

What is the green pigment located in chloroplast called?

A

Chlorophyll

40
Q

What are the two groups that cells can be divided into?

A

prokaryote and eukaryote

41
Q

What does prokaryote mean?

A

before nucleus

42
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

the cells of a very simple organism that do not have a nucleus (such as bacteria); genetic information is distributed throughout the interior of a cell or grouped in a nucleoid region - there are no multicellular prokaryotes

43
Q

What is an example of a prokaryote?

A

bacteria

44
Q

What does eukaryote mean?

A

true nucleus

45
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

cells containing a nuclear membrane

46
Q

What are some examples of a eukaryote?

A

all multicellular organisms (including plants and humans) and some unicellular organisms) including amoebas and paramecia)

Bio 10 - Cannon (7 decks)

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