Cell Organelles - Lesson 4 Flashcards
Discovered the first plant cells in 1665
Robert Hooke
Surrounds the cell, holding in the fluids and materials the cell needs to survive
cell membrane (plasma membrane)
The cell membrane is made up of… (3 things) that allow materials to transfer through the membrane
phospholipids, bilayer, proteins
What are the many organelles within the cell suspended in? A jelly like substance that fills in the extra space in the cell.
cytoplasm
The control centre of a cell
nucleus
A membrane containing pores for material transfer
nuclear envelope
The nucleus contains the cell’s… ?
DNA; genetic information
What is produced in the nucleolus, located inside the nucleus?
ribosomes
What do the the ribosomes created in the nucleolus produce?
protein
What are these packages of proteins that are ready for transport that the ribosomes create in the nucleolus called?
vesicles
Tube-like structures that come in 2 types?
ER - Endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two types of ER?
smooth and rough
Rough endoplasmic reticulum are covered in? What do they do?
They are covered in ribosomes. They assist with the transport of materials around the cell.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are not covered in ribosomes. What is their function?
They make lipids(fats) and help package materials into vesicles for transport.
Small transport bubbles created by pinching off the cell membrane are called?
Vesicles
What do vesicles do?
They often bring material from the ER to the Golgi Apparatus and also from the Golgi Apparatus to other locations around the cell where materials are needed.
What is the Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body?
Modifies proteins and then repackages them to be sent elsewhere in the cell (or to the cell membrane to be removed from the cell’s interior). The Golgi Apparatus also produces lysosomes.
What is a lysosome?
Special vesicles containing digestive enzymes that can be used to break down food, destroy dead cell parts, or kill intruders in the cell. Plant cells do not contain lysosomes.
What are the three things the digestive enzymes of a lysosome can do?
- breakdown food 2. destroy dead cell parts 3. kill intruders in the cell
Do plant cells contain lysosomes?
no
What is the name of the powerhouse of a cell?
Mitochondria
What does mitochondria do?
converts the stored chemical energy in glucose into useable energy for the cell in the form of ATP
What is the stored chemical energy in glucose converted to by mitochondria?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
What is the conversion of the chemical energy from glucose to ATP called?
Cellular respiration
Small, cylindrical structures that are used to help a nucleus divide during cell division.
Centrioles
What do centrioles do?
Move the copies of the original genetic material to the correct location in each of the new cells.
Do plant cells contain centrioles?
No
Storage sacks containing water, food particles and minerals. Found in animal cells.
Vacuoles
Where are vacuoles found?
Animal cells contain many small vacuoles scattered throughout the cell’s interior.
Plant cells contain all of the organelles mentioned for animals cells, but they do not contain two things? What are they?
Lysosomes and Centrioles
How many vacuoles are found in a plant cell?
One large one.
What does a vacuole do in a plant cell?
It occupies most of the cell’s volume, providing liquid pressure to keep the plant cell rigid.
Plant cells are covered by a rigid cell wall composed of?
cellulose
What does the plant cell wall provide?
protection for the cell and helps to maintain its shape
What is an organelle in plant cells that uses solar energy, water and carbon dioxide?
Chloroplast
What are the three things that a chloroplast (organelle in a plant cell) need?
- solar energy 2. water 3. carbon dioxide
What does the process of photosynthesis manufacture?
glucose and oxygen gas as a waste product
Why is photosynthesis possible?
because of a green pigment called chlorophyll located in the chloroplast
What is the green pigment located in chloroplast called?
Chlorophyll
What are the two groups that cells can be divided into?
prokaryote and eukaryote
What does prokaryote mean?
before nucleus
What is a prokaryote?
the cells of a very simple organism that do not have a nucleus (such as bacteria); genetic information is distributed throughout the interior of a cell or grouped in a nucleoid region - there are no multicellular prokaryotes
What is an example of a prokaryote?
bacteria
What does eukaryote mean?
true nucleus
What is a eukaryote?
cells containing a nuclear membrane
What are some examples of a eukaryote?
all multicellular organisms (including plants and humans) and some unicellular organisms) including amoebas and paramecia)
