Lesson 8 : Nature of Clinical Laboratory

Question 1

An essential component of health institutions (because that is where we do laboratory procedures)

Answer 1

CLINICAL LABORATORY

Question 2

Clinical Laboratory Tasks

Answer 2

1. Provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management
2. Concretize and solidify what doctors claim about their patient
3. Support your claim
4. Place where specimens collected from individuals are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed

Question 3

Define Diagnosis

Answer 3

Identification of a disease via examination

Question 4

Define Prognosis

Answer 4

Progression of the disease, tells if how long will a disease be cured

Question 5

Two divisions of clinical laboratory based on functions

Answer 5

• Clinical Pathology
• Atomical Pathology

Question 6

• head of the clinical laboratory
• they are also the head of the professional regulatory board

Answer 6

Pathologists

Question 7

Subjects under Clinical Pathology

Answer 7

1 Clinical Chemistry
2 Blood Banking
3 Microbiology
4 Immunology
5 Serology
6 Hematology
7 Parasitology
8 Microscopy

Question 8

Subjects under Atomical Pathology

Answer 8

1 Histopathology
2 Cytology
3 Autopsy
4 Forensic Pathology

Question 9

Type of Clinical Laboratory that

• Operates within the premises of an institution
• Hospital, Clinic, Health Center, School
• Hospitals owning a laboratory

Answer 9

Institution-based Laboratory

Question 10

Type of Clinical Laboratory that

• Not a part of an established institution
• Hospital (without laboratory) contracting high precision i
• Not affiliated but shares the same market
• One can provide lab, one can provide patients

Answer 10

Free Standing Laboratory

Question 11

Services in Primary Lab & SQM

Answer 11

• Basic routine services (basic 5; except xray because it’s for radtech)
• CBC, UA, FX, Blood typing
• 10 square meters

Question 12

Services in Secondary Lab & SQM

Answer 12

• Primary lab services + Chemistry
• FBS, TC, TG
• 20 square meters

Question 13

Services in Tertiary Lab & SQM

Answer 13

• Secondary services
• Immunology & Serology
• Microbiology
• Blood Banking
• 60 square meters

Question 14

Clinical Laboratory Act

Answer 14

Republic Act 4688 | June 18, 1966

Question 15

DOH Issuances

Answer 15

A.O. 59 series of 2001
A.O. 2007-0027
A.O. 2007-0027A
A.O. 037 series of 2021

Question 16

They receive and prepare blood and body fluid specimens for testing

Answer 16

Laboratory Technicians

Question 17

• performs blood cell counts on computerized automation
• reviews blood cell morphology under the microscope to detect the presence of certain anemias, leukemias, or lymphomas
• performs tests that determine the presence of bleeding of a bleeding or clotting disorder

Answer 17

Hematology Med Lab Tech

Question 18

Typical size of RBC

Answer 18

7-8 micrometers

Question 19

What type of RBC has a nucleus? and what doesn’t?

Answer 19

Mature RBC has no nucleus, immature RBC has a nucleus

Question 20

When does bone marrow produce RBC?

Answer 20

Every 120 days

Question 21

Why is the Nucleus is not needed?

Answer 21

they do not replicate because they are already produced in the bone marrow; if they can, there will be 0 cases of anemia

Question 22

• analyzes blood serum for hundreds of biochemical elements that reflect cardiac, liver, renal, endocrine, and acid/base function
• monitors instrument quality control data and reviews patient results before releasing the information to the physician

Answer 22

Clinical Chem Med Lab Tech

Question 23

What section of the Laboratory is Solid blood studied?

Answer 23

hematology section

Question 24

What section of the Laboratory is serum/plasma blood studied?

Answer 24

clinical chemistry section

Question 25

- analyzes urine for elements such as glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, pH, abnormal cells, and chemical crystals. - They also analyze other body fluids such as stool, semen, and CSF

Answer 25

Clinical Microscopy Med Lab Tech

Question 26

They perform tests on serum to detect antibody production in response to various infections and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, hepatitis, herpes, and allergies.

Answer 26

Serology/Immunology Med Tech Lab

Question 27

_______ focus on testing for disease processes including antibody and antigen, cytokines

Answer 27

Serology

Question 28

- uses various culture techniques to determine which bacteria, virus, or fungus might be causing illness. -performs antimicrobial susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates to determine what antibiotics will be effective in treating the infection

Answer 28

Microbiology Med Lab Tech

Question 29

They utilize thin-layer chromatography to analyze urine specimens for therapeutic drugs as well as drugs of abuse

Answer 29

Drug Analysts

Question 30

What does a double strip and no strip mean in a Drug Test?

Answer 30

If a double strip is visible, it means negative; If there’s no strip, you are positive

Question 31

- perform ABO and Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching to determine safe donor blood for a transfusion of a patient - prepare blood components for transfusion and check the paperwork for correct information before releasing the unit of blood to be transfused

Answer 31

Blood Banking Med Lab Tech

Question 32

Specimens are processed to determine the nature of the disease, the structural and functional changes of the cells, tissues, and organs caused by the disease

Answer 32

HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION

Question 33

What does a Histotechnologist and Pathologist do?

Answer 33

Histotechnologist : performs processing and Pathologist : performs examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen.

Question 34

What is the Pre-Analytical Phase

Answer 34

consist of everything outside from laboratory testing, e.g. specimen collection, patient care, patient introduction, specimen transport, specimen storage

Question 35

What is the Analytical Phase

Answer 35

Once you enter laboratory and using instruments and tools, it will be analytical phase e.g. errors (false positive) and instrumentation

Question 36

What is the Post-Analytical Phase

Answer 36

When you already release a result (false negative) e.g. error in type because there’s no lab procedure

Question 37

Identify this Abbreviation RITM

Answer 37

Research Institute of Tropical Medicine

Question 38

Identify this Abbreviation BHFS

Answer 38

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services

Question 39

Identify this Abbreviation DOH

Answer 39

Department of Health

Question 40

Identify this Abbreviation CHD

Answer 40

Center of Health Development

Question 41

Identify this Abbreviation EQAS

Answer 41

External Quality Assurance Scheme

Question 42

Identify this Abbreviation NRL

Answer 42

National Reference Laboratory

Question 43

Identify this Abbreviation QA

Answer 43

Quality Assurance

Question 44

Identify this Abbreviation PCR

Answer 44

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 45

Identify this Abbreviation QC

Answer 45

Quality Control

Question 46

Identify this Abbreviation TAT

Answer 46

Turn Around Time