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PMLS 1 > Lesson 8 : Nature of Clinical Laboratory > Flashcards

Lesson 8 : Nature of Clinical Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

An essential component of health institutions (because that is where we do laboratory procedures)

A

CLINICAL LABORATORY

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2
Q

Clinical Laboratory Tasks

A
  1. Provide accurate and reliable information to medical doctors for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and management
  2. Concretize and solidify what doctors claim about their patient
  3. Support your claim
  4. Place where specimens collected from individuals are processed, analyzed, preserved, and properly disposed
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3
Q

Define Diagnosis

A

Identification of a disease via examination

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4
Q

Define Prognosis

A

Progression of the disease, tells if how long will a disease be cured

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5
Q

Two divisions of clinical laboratory based on functions

A
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Atomical Pathology
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6
Q
  • head of the clinical laboratory
  • they are also the head of the professional regulatory board
A

Pathologists

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7
Q

Subjects under Clinical Pathology

A

1 Clinical Chemistry
2 Blood Banking
3 Microbiology
4 Immunology
5 Serology
6 Hematology
7 Parasitology
8 Microscopy

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8
Q

Subjects under Atomical Pathology

A

1 Histopathology
2 Cytology
3 Autopsy
4 Forensic Pathology

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9
Q

Type of Clinical Laboratory that

  • Operates within the premises of an institution
  • Hospital, Clinic, Health Center, School
  • Hospitals owning a laboratory
A

Institution-based Laboratory

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10
Q

Type of Clinical Laboratory that

  • Not a part of an established institution
  • Hospital (without laboratory) contracting high precision i
  • Not affiliated but shares the same market
  • One can provide lab, one can provide patients
A

Free Standing Laboratory

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11
Q

Services in Primary Lab & SQM

A
  • Basic routine services (basic 5; except xray because it’s for radtech)
  • CBC, UA, FX, Blood typing
  • 10 square meters
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12
Q

Services in Secondary Lab & SQM

A
  • Primary lab services + Chemistry
  • FBS, TC, TG
  • 20 square meters
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13
Q

Services in Tertiary Lab & SQM

A
  • Secondary services
  • Immunology & Serology
  • Microbiology
  • Blood Banking
  • 60 square meters
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14
Q

Clinical Laboratory Act

A

Republic Act 4688 | June 18, 1966

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15
Q

DOH Issuances

A

A.O. 59 series of 2001
A.O. 2007-0027
A.O. 2007-0027A
A.O. 037 series of 2021

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16
Q

They receive and prepare blood and body fluid specimens for testing

A

Laboratory Technicians

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17
Q
  • performs blood cell counts on computerized automation
  • reviews blood cell morphology under the microscope to detect the presence of certain anemias, leukemias, or lymphomas
  • performs tests that determine the presence of bleeding of a bleeding or clotting disorder
A

Hematology Med Lab Tech

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18
Q

Typical size of RBC

A

7-8 micrometers

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19
Q

What type of RBC has a nucleus? and what doesn’t?

A

Mature RBC has no nucleus, immature RBC has a nucleus

20
Q

When does bone marrow produce RBC?

A

Every 120 days

21
Q

Why is the Nucleus is not needed?

A

they do not replicate because they are already produced in the bone marrow; if they can, there will be 0 cases of anemia

22
Q
  • analyzes blood serum for hundreds of biochemical elements that reflect cardiac, liver, renal, endocrine, and acid/base function
  • monitors instrument quality control data and reviews patient results before releasing the information to the physician
A

Clinical Chem Med Lab Tech

23
Q

What section of the Laboratory is Solid blood studied?

A

hematology section

24
Q

What section of the Laboratory is serum/plasma blood studied?

A

clinical chemistry section

25
Q
  • analyzes urine for elements such as glucose, protein, ketones, bilirubin, pH, abnormal cells, and chemical crystals.
  • They also analyze other body fluids such as stool, semen, and CSF
A

Clinical Microscopy Med Lab Tech

26
Q

They perform tests on serum to detect antibody production in response to various infections and diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, hepatitis, herpes, and allergies.

A

Serology/Immunology Med Tech Lab

27
Q

_______ focus on testing for disease processes including antibody and antigen, cytokines

A

Serology

28
Q
  • uses various culture techniques to determine which bacteria, virus, or fungus might be causing illness.

-performs antimicrobial susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates to determine what antibiotics will be effective in treating the infection

A

Microbiology Med Lab Tech

29
Q

They utilize thin-layer chromatography to analyze urine specimens for therapeutic drugs as well as drugs of abuse

A

Drug Analysts

30
Q

What does a double strip and no strip mean in a Drug Test?

A

If a double strip is visible, it means negative; If there’s no strip, you are positive

31
Q
  • perform ABO and Rh typing, antibody screening, and crossmatching to determine safe donor blood for a transfusion of a patient
  • prepare blood components for transfusion and check the paperwork for correct information before releasing the unit of blood to be transfused
A

Blood Banking Med Lab Tech

32
Q

Specimens are processed to determine the nature of the disease, the structural and functional changes of the cells, tissues, and organs caused by the disease

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY SECTION

33
Q

What does a Histotechnologist and Pathologist do?

A

Histotechnologist : performs processing and
Pathologist : performs examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen.

34
Q

What is the Pre-Analytical Phase

A

consist of everything outside from laboratory testing, e.g. specimen collection, patient care, patient introduction, specimen transport, specimen storage

35
Q

What is the Analytical Phase

A

Once you enter laboratory and using instruments and tools, it will be analytical phase e.g. errors (false positive) and instrumentation

36
Q

What is the Post-Analytical Phase

A

When you already release a result (false negative) e.g. error in type because there’s no lab procedure

37
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

RITM

A

Research Institute of Tropical Medicine

38
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

BHFS

A

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services

39
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

DOH

A

Department of Health

40
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

CHD

A

Center of Health Development

41
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

EQAS

A

External Quality Assurance Scheme

42
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

NRL

A

National Reference Laboratory

43
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

QA

A

Quality Assurance

44
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

PCR

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

45
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

QC

A

Quality Control

46
Q

Identify this Abbreviation

TAT

A

Turn Around Time

PMLS 1 (6 decks)

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