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PMLS 1 > Lesson 11 : Healthcare waste management > Flashcards

Lesson 11 : Healthcare waste management Flashcards

1
Q

Process of separating different types of waste at the
point of generation until their final disposal.

A

Segregation

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2
Q

What are Healthcare Waste?

A

All the waste generated by health-care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories

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3
Q

Classification of Waste

o All waste materials that are contaminated by infectious microorganisms or chemicals
o Used cotton, specimen container, gauze pad, syringe needles, and culture plates.
o Has a potential threat to our health

A

Hazardous

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4
Q

Classification of Waste

o Unstable and reacts violently to chemical changes
o Can cause explosion or release toxic fumes when mixed with water

A

Explosivity and Reactivity

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5
Q

Classification of Waste

Waste that needs to be separated from
other wastes

A

Corrosivity

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6
Q

A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

A

Carcinogens

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7
Q

Classification of Waste

Waste that can cause fire during waste
disposal and storage conditions

A

Ignitability

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8
Q

lowest temperature, at which a chemical produces vapor to cause ignition

A

Flash point

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9
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

Waste suspected to contain pathogens

A

Infectious Waste

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10
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

Human tissues or fluids

A

Pathological Waste

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11
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

needles, infusion sets, scalpels, knives, blades, and broken glass

A

Sharp waste

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12
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed; items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals (bottles, boxes)

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

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13
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

waste containing cytostatic drugs (often used in cancer therapy)

A

Genotoxic Waste

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14
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

laboratory reagents; film developer, disinfectants that are expired or no longer needed, solvents

A

Chemical Waste

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15
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

batteries, broken thermometers, blood-pressure gauges

A

Wastes with high content of heavy metal

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16
Q

Give examples of Pressured Containers

A

gas cylinders, gas cartridges, aerosol cans

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17
Q

Categories of Healthcare Waste

unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory research, contaminated glassware, packages, or absorbent paper, urine, and excreta from patients treated or tested with unsealed radionuclides, sealed sources

A

Radioactive Waste

18
Q

Provide an impact of infectious waste and sharps

A
  1. significant risk of blood-borne infections (through sharps)
  2. significant risk of agents spread through other media like sewage (cholera etc.)
  3. injuries ( nurses and housekeeping personnel )
19
Q

Provide an impact of chemical and pharmaceutical
waste

A

extensive intoxication

20
Q

What is a common cause of problems in chemical and pharmaceutical waste?

A

improper handling of chemicals or pharmaceuticals in health-care establishments

21
Q

How do you minimize the risk caused by chemical and pharmaceutical waste?

A
  1. substitute less hazardous chemicals whenever possible
  2. wear PPE
  3. Ventilate (premises where hazardous chemicals are used)
  4. Train personnel at risk
22
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Wastes are minimized even before their generation

A

Prevent

23
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Implemented by encouraging proper waste segregation to determine the nature and volume of generated wastes to allow efficient waste management at the least cost

A

Reduce

24
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Either finding a new application for a used material or using the same product for the same application repeatedly

A

Reuse

25
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Processing of used materials into new products

A

Recycle

26
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Waste is converted to fuel for generating electricity or for direct heating of premises

A

Recover

27
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Process of changing the biological and chemical characteristics of waste to minimize its potential to cause harm

A

Treat

28
Q

Healthcare Waste Management System

Discharging, depositing, placing, or releasing any health care waste into air, land, or water

A

Dispose

29
Q

What should you do with Highly infectious waste?

A

disinfect at source

30
Q

What should you do with Anatomical waste?

A

dispose through safe burial or cremation

31
Q

What should you do with Pathological waste?

A

refrigerate if not collected or treated within 24 hours

32
Q

What should you do with Waste containing Mercury?

A

collect separately

33
Q

What should you do with Hazardous chemical waste?

A

shall never be mixed or disposed of down the drain

34
Q

What should you do with Pharmaceuticals?

A

keep in their original packaging for proper identification.

35
Q

What should you do with Radioactive waste?

A
  1. must be decayed
  2. do NOT mix with infectious or chemical waste
36
Q

Explain Pyrolysis

A

Uses heat but in the absence of oxygen in a destruction chamber where the waste is converted to gas, liquid, or solid form.

37
Q

Explain Autoclave

A
  • Steam sterilization (wet thermal disinfection).
  • Usual setting is 121°C with a pressure of 15 psi
  • 15 to 30 mins
  • Indicators: color-changing tapes or biological test ampules
    containing bacterial spores
38
Q

Explain Chemical Disinfection

A
38
Q

Explain Microwave

A
  • Temperature of 100°C
  • 30 minutes.
  • Microorganisms are destroyed by moist heat which irreversibly coagulates and denatures enzymes and structural proteins.
39
Q

Explain Biological Process

A
40
Q

Explain Encapsulation

A
41
Q

Explain Inertization

A

PMLS 1 (6 decks)

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