Lesson 8 - Blood, Tissue Fluid and Lymph

Question 1

Plasma

Answer 1

Yellow liquid inside blood vessels. Composition is controlled by various homeostatic systems

Question 2

What is carried in plasma?

Answer 2

• dissolved glucose
• amino acids
• mineral ions
• hormones
• large plasma proteins
• Red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets

Question 3

What percentage of blood is plasma?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

What percentage of blood is erythrocytes?

Answer 4

45%

Question 5

What percentage of blood is platelets?

Answer 5

<1%

Question 6

What percentage of blood is leucocytes?

Answer 6

<1%

Question 7

Other name for RBC?

Answer 7

Erythrocyte

Question 8

Other name for WBC?

Answer 8

Leucocytes

Question 9

How are platelets formed?

Answer 9

Fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes

Question 10

What components of blood are involved in transport?

Answer 10

Erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma

Question 11

Functions of blood: transport

Answer 11

• deliver O2, and CO2 from, the respiring cells
• Digested food from the small intestine
• nitrogenous waste products from the cells to the excretory organs
• Chemical messages (hormones)
• Food molecules from storage compounds to the cells that need them
• Platelets to damaged areas
• Cells and antibodies involved in the immune response

Question 12

Where are megakaryocytes found

Answer 12

red bone marrow

Question 13

Non-transport function of blood:

Answer 13

Contributes to a steady body temperature and acts as a buffer, minimising pH changes.

Question 14

What do dissolved substances in plasma pass through in the capillary walls?

Answer 14

Fenestrations

Question 15

What do plasma proteins do to the concentration of blood?

Answer 15

• high solute potential
• low water potential compared to surrounding fluid
• Water has tendency to move into blood in the capillaries from surrounding fluid via osmosis

Question 16

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 16

The tendency of water to move into the blood in the capillaries from the surrounding tissue fluid by osmosis.

Question 17

Hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 17

As blood flows through the arterioles into the capillaries, it is still under pressure from the surge of blood that occurs every time the heart contracts.

Question 18

Tissue fluid:

Answer 18

A watery liquid that contains dissolved substances, which it supplies to cells. It is the means by which materials are exchanged between blood and cells and bathes the body. It is formed from blood plasma.