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Module 3 - Biology > Key words in Module 3 > Flashcards

Key words in Module 3 Flashcards

Page 342 beginning

1
Q

Apoplast

A

The cell walls and intercellular spaces of plant cells.

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2
Q

Apoplast route

A

The movement of substances through the cell walls and cell spaces by diffusion and into cytoplasm by active transport

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An abnormal rhythm of the heart

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4
Q

Assimilates

A

The products of photosynthesis that are transported around a plant

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5
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

An abnormal rhythm of the heart when the atria beat very fast and incompletely

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6
Q

Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)

A

Stimulates the ventricles to contract after imposing a slight delay to ensure atrial contraction is complete

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7
Q

Bohr effect

A

the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the uptake and release of oxygen by haemoglobin

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8
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow heart rhythm below 60bmp

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9
Q

Breathing rate

A

The number of breaths (inhalation and exhalation) taken per minute

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10
Q

Bundle of his

A

Conducting tissue composed of purkyne fibres that passes through the septum of the heart

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11
Q

Carbaminohaemoglobin

A

A compound formed when carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin

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12
Q

Carbonic anahydrase

A

Enzyme which catalyses the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid

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13
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

The events of a single heartbeat, composed of diastole and systole

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14
Q

Catalyse

A

The enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

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15
Q

Chloride shift

A

The movement of chloride ions into red blood cells as hydrogen ions move out to maintain electrochemical equilibrium

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16
Q

Circulatory system

A

The transport system of an animal

17
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where blood is enclosed in blood vessels and does not come into direct contact with the cells of the body beyond the blood vessels

18
Q

Cohesion-tension theory

A

The best current model explaining the movement of water through the xylem/plant in transpiration.

19
Q

Companion cells

A

The active cells found next to sieve elements that supply the phloem vessels with all of their metabolic needs.

20
Q

Countercurrent exchange system

A

A system for exchanging materials or heat when two different compounds flow in opposite directions past eachother

21
Q

Diastole

A

The stage of the cardiac cycle in which the atria relaxes and then the ventricles fill with blood.

22
Q

Dicotyledonous plants (dicots)

A

Plants that produce seeds containing two cotyledons, which act as food stores for the developing embryo and form the first leaves when the seeds germinate.

23
Q

Double circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where the blood travels twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body. In the first circulation blood is pumped by the heart to the lungs. In the second circulation oxygenated blood is pumped to the brain and the body to supply the cells with oxygen.

24
Q

Ectopic heartbeat

A

Extra heartbeats that are out of the normal rhythm.

25
Q

Elastic recoil

A

The ability to return to original shape and size following stretching. Particularly of the alveoli of the lungs and of the arteries.

26
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

To technique measuring tiny changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin that results from the electrical activity of the heart. This produces a trace that can be used to analyse the health of the heart.

27
Q

exchange surfaces

A

Surfaces over which materials are exchanged from one area to another

28
Q

Exoskeleton

A

An external skeleton of some organisms

29
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The extra amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs over and above the normal exhalation volume (tidal volume)

30
Q

Gaseous exchange system

A

The complex systems in which respiratory gases and carbon dioxide are exchanged within an organism

31
Q

Gills

A

The gaseous exchange organs of fish, comprised of gill plates, gill lamellae and gill filaments

32
Q

Goblet cells

A

Differentiated cells specialised to secrete mucus

33
Q

Guard cells

A

Cells that can open and close the stomatal pores, controlling gaseous exchange and water loss in plants

34
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The red, oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells

35
Q

Haemoglobinic acid

A

The compound formed when haemoglobin accepts free hydrogen in its role as buffer in the blood.

36
Q

Haemolymph

A

The transport medium or ‘blood’ in insects

37
Q

Histamines

A

Chemicals produced by mast cells in damaged tissues that make the blood vessels dilate (causing redness and heat) and blood vessel walls leaky (causing swelling and pain)

38
Q

Hydrophytes

A

Plants with adaptations which enable them to survive in very wet habitats or submerged or at the very surface of water

39
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

The pressure created by water in an enclosed system

Module 3 - Biology (21 decks)

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