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Medical Lab Assisting > Lesson 8 - Automation in Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Lesson 8 - Automation in Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Automation allows _____ tests at the _____ time, and are much quicker.

A

multiple; same

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2
Q

_____ measures electrical potential of electrochemical cells, has no electrical current, and has electrodes placed in solutions.
A. electrolytes
B. potentiometry
C. coulometry

A

B. potentiometry

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3
Q

_____ depends on the steady state electrical current through two electrodes, converts oxidized analyte to new analyte titration, and process stops once indicator solution color change occurs.
A. electrolytes
B. potentiometry
C. coulometry

A

C. coulometry

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4
Q

_____ is the migration of charged particles in the electrical field, separates total proteins or antibodies.
A. electrolytes
B. electrophoresis
C. coulometry

A

B. electrophoresis

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5
Q

_____ is the science of poisons and effects of the poisons through therapeutic drug monitoring.
A. toxicology
B. electrophoresis
C. coulometry

A

A. toxicology

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6
Q

_____ is an amount of chemical introduced, can be a lethal or therapeutic dosage.
A. toxicology
B. electrophoresis
C. dose

A

C. dose

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7
Q

Electrolytes transfers electricity because they are _____.
A. conductors
B. ions
C. electrical currents

A

B. ions

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8
Q

In a coulometry system, the analyte is _______ before getting measured.
A. analyzed
B. titrated
C. oxidized

A

C. oxidized

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9
Q

An _____ dose is the amount of substance that will produce a desired pharmacological effect.
A. lethal
B. therapeutic
C. desired

A

B. therapeutic

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10
Q

_____ are lab tests groups in chemistry used to detect a common problem.
A. panels
B. renal functions test
C. hepatic functions test

A

A. panels

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11
Q

_____ are the most common lab tests in chemistry consisting of 5 different electrolytes to screen for a biochemical imbalance and kidney function.
A. panels
B. renal functions test (RFT)
C. basic metabolic panel (BMP)

A

C. basic metabolic panel (BMP)

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12
Q

_____ are the most common lab tests in chemistry used for kidney disorders and tests for albumin, BUN, creatine, and more.
A. panels
B. renal functions test (RFT)
C. basic metabolic panel (BMP)

A

B. renal functions test (RFT)

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13
Q

________ is the most sensitive marker for heart attacks that stays in the blood longer and rises quickly.
A. panels
B. renal functions test (RFT)
C. troponin I

A

C. troponin I

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14
Q

________ is the enzyme found in the heart, muscle, and brain with the isoenzyme CKMB.
A. creatine kinase (CK)
B. CKMB
C. cardio enzymes

A

A. creatine kinase (CK)

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15
Q

________ is where oxygen storage for the muscles are found which also helps in diagnosing heart attacks.
A. myoglobin
B. CKMB
C. cardio enzymes

A

A. myoglobin

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16
Q

________ controls blood circulation and is an indicator of congestive heart failure.
A. myoglobin
B. b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C. cardio enzymes

A

B. b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

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17
Q

________ detects thyroid gland disorders, includes TSH, free T4, and free or total T3
A. panel
B. thyroid panel
C. cardiac panel

A

B. thyroid panel

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18
Q

The _______ ______ is the threshold of serum drug concentrations associated with therapeutic effects.

A

Therapeutic range

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19
Q

Trough:

  • collected at highest/lowest point
    -occurs prior to/before administration of next dose
A

lowest point; prior to

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20
Q

_____ available over the counter, small, handheld, uses test strip.
A. UA
B. glucometer
C. Piccolo XPress

A

B. glucometer

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21
Q

_____is a small, tabletop, chemistry analyzer, uses spectrophotometer, reads chem. reactions in single-use disposable reagent disc.
A. UA
B. glucometer
C. Piccolo XPress

A

C. Piccolo XPress

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22
Q

_____is a small, handheld, chemistry analyzer, uses spectrophotometer to read color change during chem. reactions inside the cartridge.
A. UA
B. i-STAT Controls
C. Piccolo XPress

A

B. i-STAT Controls

23
Q
A
24
Q

What items do you need to run a control on a blood glucose test?

A

Control solution, test strips, and the glucometer

25
Q

What is the acceptable range for the glucometer testing?

A

70-90 deciliters

26
Q

Medications such as digoxin and digitoxin are in what class of drugs?

a. Antidepressants
b. Antibiotics
c. Psychoactive
d. Cardioactive

A

d. Cardioactive

27
Q

When the rate of the drug input equals the rate of the drug excretion, the patient reaches a __________.

a. Peak state
b. Trough state
c. Therapeutic state
d. Steady state

A

d. Steady state

28
Q

When running controls on a handheld POCT analyzer and the value is outside the acceptable range, what is the next step?

a. Get a new analyzer
b. Take corrective actions
c. Rerun the control
d. Perform a patient test

A

b. Take corrective actions

29
Q

What is the sample of choice for most handheld POCT analyzers when performing waived testing?

a. Heparinized serum
b. Heparinized plasma
c. Heparinized whole blood
d. All of the above

A

c. Heparinized whole blood

30
Q

Potentiometry is a method used to detect and measure __________.

a. Sodium
b. Albumin
c. Glucose
d. Creatinine

A

a. Sodium

31
Q

Coulometry depends on a process called __________ to change the analyte.

a. Electrophoresis
b. Titration
c. Potentiometry
d. ISE

A

b. Titration

32
Q

The section of the clinical chemistry department that performs TDM is __________.

a. Pharmacology
b. Endocrinology
c. Toxicology
d. Immunology

A

c. Toxicology

33
Q

The most common chemistry laboratory panel ordered is __________.

a. AST
b. CMP
c. GFR
d. BMP

A

d. BMP

34
Q

The Troponin I test is a key component of which chemistry panel?

a. Cardiac function
b. Thyroid function
c. Renal function
d. Liver function

A

a. Cardiac function

35
Q

Renal function tests include __________, albumin, BUN, creatinine, and the estimated GFR.

a. Electrolytes
b. TSH
c. AST
d. LDL

A

a. Electrolytes

36
Q

Which of the following are hepatic function tests?

A Electrolytes, protein, BUN, creatinine
B ALT, AST, ALP

A

B ALT, AST, ALP

37
Q

Which of the following is an example of an anion?
A Sodium
B Chloride

A

B chloride

38
Q

Which of the following helps make up total proteins?
A uric acid
B antibodies

A

B antibodies

39
Q

An absorbance spectrophotometer relies on __________.
A turbidity
B color change

A

B color change

40
Q

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the body?
A sodium
B calcium

A

B calcium

41
Q

Which protein is increased when there is non-specific inflammation in the body?
A albumin
B c-reactive

A

B c-reactive

42
Q

Which of these is an example of an analyte?
A serum
B calcium

A

B calcium

43
Q

What is the primary difference between serum and plasma?
A plasma contains fibrinogen
B serum contains fibrinogen

A

A plasma contains fibrinogen

44
Q

__________ measures light that is scattered by the amount of turbidity in a sample-reagent reaction.
A absorbance spectrometry
B nephelometry

A

B nephelometry

45
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?
A fibrinogen
B albumin

A

B albumin

46
Q

What tests are generally included in a Basic Metabolic Panel test?
A Electrolytes, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin
B Electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, and glucose

A

B Electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, and glucose

47
Q

Ion selective electrodes are used to detect and measure electrolytes in what methodology?
A potentionmetry
B nephelometry

A

A potentionmetry

48
Q

Proteins that are catalysts for biochemical reactions and are released when an organ is damaged are __________.
A enzymes
B immunoglobins

A

A enzymes

49
Q

What test is necessary to calculate the glomerular filtration rate?

A Creatinine
B Uric acid

A

A Creatinine

50
Q

Which ions are used when calculating the anion gap?

A Na, K, Ca, Mg
B Na, K, Cl, HCO3

A

B Na, K, Cl, HCO3

51
Q

Which of the following analytes would be found increased in liver disease?
A bilirubin
B albumin
C antibodies

A

A bilirubin

52
Q

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test amplifies and measures __________.
A DNA
B antibodies

A

A DNA

53
Q

A solution of known concentration used in Beer’s-Lambert Law calculation is a(n) __________.
A internal control
B standard

A

B standard

Medical Lab Assisting (15 decks)

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