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Medical Lab Assisting > Final Assessment Q&A's > Flashcards

Final Assessment Q&A's Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Blood banking is performed in what laboratory department?
Immunohematology
Serology
Chemistry
Hematology

A

Immunohematology

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2
Q

Which RBC antigen determines a patient’s Rh blood type?

B
C
A
D

A

D

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3
Q

Which of the following are traits exhibited daily by a professional?

A Integrity, apprehensive, compassionate, dependable
B Integrity, confident, compassionate, disloyal, ethical
C Integrity, confident, compassionate, dependable
D Integrity, apprehensive, indifferent, disloyal, immoral

A

C Integrity, confident, compassionate, dependable

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4
Q

In what form is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Bicarbonate anions
Carbonic acid

A

Bicarbonate anions

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5
Q

How is a microbe that is sensitive to an antibiotic show this on an agar plate?

Hemolysis under the disk
Microbe grows up to the disk
Ring of no growth around the disk
The agar changes color

A

Ring of no growth around the disk

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6
Q

A __________ is a set of procedures and guidelines that uses values, actions, and choices to help determine right from wrong.

TORT Actions
Standard Operating Procedure
Code of Ethics
Patient’s Bill of Rights

A

Code of Ethics

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7
Q

If a stat test is ordered and a patient is not in his/her room, what should you do?

Postpone the collection
Locate the patient
Wait in the patient’s room until he or she returns
Leave the request at the nurse’s station

A

Locate the patient

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8
Q

The lower the CV, the more __________ the test procedure.

Unreliable
Precise
Accurate
Reliable

A

Precise

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9
Q

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the body?

Calcium
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium

A

Calcium

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10
Q

When explaining a blood culture procedure to the patient, which statement is appropriate information to provide to the patient?

A. “I will swab the area twice to ensure that is sterile for the procedure”
B. “I will clean the area, but I do not need to let it dry before the procedure”
C. “I’m going to leave the tourniquet on for 2 minutes before performing the blood draw”
D. “I will be drawing the blood from your fingertip”

A

“I will swab the area twice to ensure that is sterile for the procedure”

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11
Q

Which is the best course of action if a control value falls outside of the acceptable range when using a glucometer?

Report to a supervisor then run a patient sample
Notify the patient that they cannot be tested today
Take correct action and repeat the control
Run a patient sample

A

Take correct action and repeat the control

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12
Q

When completing a butterfly draw on a pregnant patient, the phlebotomist accidentally scratches the top of her hand through the glove as the needle is withdrawn. What should be done next?

A. Wash it off but do not report it because it is a superficial wound
B. Complete an accidental exposure report after performing first aid
C. Do not worry about it because the patient is pregnant and not a risk
D. Get a complete history on the patient to give to the laboratory supervisor

A

Complete an accidental exposure report after performing first aid

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13
Q

Which of these is an example of an analyte?

Calcium
Colorimetric
Serum
Glucometer

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Which ions are used when calculating the anion gap?

Cl, HCO3, NaCl, H2CO3
Na, K, Cl, HCO3
Cl, HCO3, Ca, Mg
Na, K, Ca, Mg

A

Na, K, Cl, HCO3

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15
Q

The primary source of energy in the body are __________.

Electrolytes
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

A

Carbohydrates

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16
Q

How does HIPAA define PHI?

Protected Health Information
Public Health Information
Prohibited Health Information
Pertinent Health Information

A

Protected Health Information

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17
Q

Which is the best method for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen?

A. Discard the first morning specimen and collect all specimens, including the second morning first void
B. Collect the first morning void, collect all specimens, and discard the second morning void
C. Collect the first and second morning voids and discard all specimens in between
D. Discard the first and second morning voids and collect all specimens in between

A

A. Discard the first morning specimen and collect all specimens, including the second morning first void

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18
Q

What laboratory department monitors therapeutic drugs?

Toxicology
Immunology
Endocrinology
Hematology

A

Toxicology

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19
Q

Producing the same test result over and over again is an example of __________.

Precision
Accuracy
Reliability
Luck

A

Precision

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20
Q

Non-consensual touching may be considered __________.

Malpractice
Slander
Assault
Battery

A

Battery

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21
Q

Which of the following is too small to be seen under a standard laboratory microscope?

Yeast
Fungus
Bacteria
Virus

A

Virus

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22
Q

Which of the following is the smallest needle?

19 Gauge
21 Gauge
20 Gauge
18 Gauge

A

21 Gauge

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23
Q

A __________ could be caused by deterioration of reagents used in testing.

Trend downward
Sudden shift
Gradual shift
Trend upward

A

Trend downward

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24
Q

Violations of patient privacy or security are managed by what Federal entity?

OSHA
CLIA
CMS
HHS

A

HHS - Health and Human Services

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25
Q

Which urine specimen is the most concentrated with the highest specific gravity?

Random
24-Hour
Midstream clean catch
First morning void

A

First morning void

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26
Q

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test amplifies and measures __________.

ATP
DNA
Antibodies
Antigens

A

DNA

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27
Q

What is the best way to draw blood from a sleeping patient?

Refuse to draw and return after they awaken
Ask the nurse for permission to draw them while asleep
Draw as quickly as possible so as to not wake them
Gently wake them first

A

Gently wake them first

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28
Q

What is the best way to draw blood from a sleeping patient?

A. Refuse to draw and return after they awaken
B. Ask the nurse for permission to draw them while asleep
C. Draw as quickly as possible so as to not wake them
D. Gently wake them first

A

Gently wake them first

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29
Q

The federal law that requires employers to provide a safe and healthy working environment is __________.

OSHA
CLSI
TORT
CLIA

A

OSHA

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30
Q

Which of the following is true about confirmation testing?

A

They are moderate or high complex tests

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31
Q

Which of the following would most likely contaminate a reagent?

A

Using tap water to reconstitute

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32
Q

The physician has ordered coagulation studies and chemistry tests. Which of the following should the phlebotomist recognize as the correct order of draw?

A

Light Blue followed by a Red-Topped Tube

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33
Q

Iatrogenic anemia is caused by __________.

A

Drawing too much blood

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34
Q

When using a CoaguCheck coagulation point-of-care analyzer, how soon after pricking the patient’s finger must the blood be applied to the test strip?

A

Within 15 seconds

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35
Q

For a laboratory to pass an external proficiency test, it must fall within __________.

A

2 SD

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36
Q

What is the difference between an oral glucose challenge test and a postprandial glucose test?

A

Oral glucose challenge drinks a glucose solution, and a post-prandial eats a meal

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37
Q

The patient’s requisition indicates blood cultures, CBC, and blood sugar. Which of the following should the phlebotomist recognize as the correct order of draw?

A

Yellow, Lavender, Gray

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38
Q

Which of these is an advantage to point-of-care testing?

A

Smaller blood samples required

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39
Q

An absorbance spectrophotometer relies on __________.

A

Color change

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40
Q

Which of the following PPE must a phlebotomist use when performing a skin puncture or venipuncture in the physician office laboratory?

A

Gloves

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41
Q

What would render a blood specimen collected for a CBC unusable?

A

Hemolysis

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42
Q

Which quality calculation shows the variability of a test procedure?

A

Coefficient of variation (CV)

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43
Q

Platelets are also called __________.

A

Thrombocytes

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44
Q

Which of the following is the best technique when a physician calls for PHI on a patient?

A

Place the caller on hold while looking up the information

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45
Q

Which is true about critical values?

A

They are life threatening

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46
Q

What is the greatest source of error in the laboratory?

A

Transcribing the wrong result

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47
Q

If a waived test is modified, it is classified as __________.

A

High complex

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48
Q

Information such as the patient’s address, phone number, and diagnosis is considered __________.

A

PHI - protected health information

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49
Q

PPM laboratory tests may be performed only by __________.

A

Physicians

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50
Q

Autoverification checks for __________.

A

Critical values

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51
Q

Which of the following is the breakdown and removal of a clot?

A

Fibrinolysis

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52
Q

How should specimens for proficiency testing be handled by the medical laboratory assistant?

A

In the laboratory’s regular workload

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53
Q

Tourniquets should be placed __________ inches above the venipuncture site.

A

3-4

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54
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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55
Q

Which is a correct term to use when entering ICD codes?

A

Diagnosed

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56
Q

Aseptic refers to __________.

A

Being free of disease-causing microbes

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57
Q

In order to be reimbursed by a federal agency, the laboratory must do what?

A

Have a current CLIA certificate

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58
Q

What is the primary difference between serum and plasma?

A

Plasma contains fibrinogen

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59
Q

Which is the most reliable form of communication?

A

Facial expressions

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60
Q

A WBC Differential is performed on a(n) __________.

A

Microscope

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61
Q

While in the middle of a difficult draw, the patient states that she feels like she is going to faint. Which action should be taken?

A

Stop the procedure and have the patient put their head down; apply a cold compress

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62
Q

Which is being accessed in the antecubital space with venipuncture?

A

Vein

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63
Q

The phlebotomist should use which angle of insertion when performing venipuncture?

A

15-30 degrees

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64
Q

Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potential infectious materials for transport?

A

Place the materials in a leakproof container

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65
Q

Light-blue-topped tubes contain which of the following anticoagulant additive?

A

Sodium citrate

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66
Q

When should new supplies be ordered?

A

When minimum stocking levels are met

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67
Q

Normal values always fall within the laboratory’s __________.

A

Reference range

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67
Q

When is the best time to gather and assemble phlebotomy supplies for use?

A

In front of the patient

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68
Q

The study of blood is __________.

A

Hematology

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69
Q

__________ have known values and are used to check that the testing system is working properly.

A

Controls

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70
Q

Immediately upon opening a new test kit the medical laboratory assistant should __________.

A

Initial and date the kit

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71
Q

Which of these is most important when using a centrifuge?

A

Balance the tubes

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72
Q

If a tourniquet is left in place too long, which of the following might the phlebotomist cause?

A

Hemoconcentration

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73
Q

The bloodborne pathogen standard imposes requirements on employers of workers who may be exposed to __________.

A

Blood

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74
Q

Which of the following should the phlebotomist use to clean up a blood or cerebrospinal fluid spill?

A

Chlorine bleach

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75
Q

Keeping expired reagents in the laboratory violates what law?

A

CLIA

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76
Q

A control value plotted just below the +3SD line on a Levey-Jennings chart is said to be __________.

A

Out of control

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77
Q

Adjusting the workspace to reduce stress on the musculoskeletal system is known as __________.

A

Ergonomics

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78
Q

Which of the following is an examination error?

A

Storing reagents at the wrong temperature

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79
Q

If a blood pressure cuff is used as a tourniquet, to what pressure is it inflated?

A

Just below the patient’s diastolic pressure

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80
Q

When preparing to draw blood on an adult patient while the spouse is present in the room, which of the following is the proper procedure?

A

Obtain verbal consent from the patient

81
Q

Which of the following should the phlebotomist provide to the patient for a random urine specimen?

A

Clean container

81
Q

Which leukocyte is the most common in a healthy individual?

A

Neutrophils

82
Q

Something that produces an immune response in the body is called a(n) __________.

A

Antigen

83
Q

Which of the following would be considered a normal INR result?

A

2

84
Q

What federal law protects workers against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens?

A

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act

85
Q

Which level of biosafety laboratory is involved in pathogen identification in a routine microbiology laboratory and poses a moderate threat to a healthy adult?

A

2

86
Q

What test determines the percentage of RBCs in whole blood?

A

Hematocrit

87
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma?

A

Albumin

88
Q

Endocrinology studies __________.

A

Hormones

89
Q

Which is the most commonly performed waived test in Hematology?

A

Hemoglobin

90
Q

What does Streptococcus pyogenes from a throat culture with beta hemolysis look like on a sheep’s blood agar plate?

A

Clear ring

91
Q

Which might a patient complain of with venipuncture?

A

Pain

92
Q

In 1988, which law was passed that determined minimum personnel testing requirements for each class of testing?

A

CLIA

93
Q

In reference to a laboratory delta check, what does “delta” mean?

A

Charge

93
Q

What is the greatest cause of error in the medical laboratory?

A

Transcribing results incorrectly

94
Q

Which of these is a disadvantage of point-of-care testing?

A

Decreased proficiency of testing personnel

95
Q

An extremely small blood vessel located within the tissue of the body is known as which of the following?

A

Capillary

96
Q

When laboratory test results from the same patient are compared, this is called a(n) __________ check.

A

Delta

97
Q

What is required to allow a chair to be used for a phlebotomy procedure?

A

It must have arms

98
Q

Which protein is increased when there is non-specific inflammation in the body?

A

C-reactive

99
Q

Whose requirements must be foremost when coding a procedure?

A

Payer

100
Q

What is the best method to identify an incoherent inpatient before drawing their blood?

A

Check the patient’s ID band

101
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

A

Plasma

102
Q

Which of the following is a GHS signal word?

A

Danger

103
Q

It is important to properly collect a specimen for Microbiology because some microbes are fastidious, which means they __________.

A

Require special growth conditions

104
Q

The purpose of a Chemical Hygiene Plan is to __________.

A

Train employees on chemical risks

105
Q
A
106
Q

What is the common name for the drug Warfarin?

A

Coumadin

107
Q

Which electrolyte is essential to the coagulation process?

A

Calcium

108
Q

In what form do the kidneys excrete ammonia?

A

Blood urea nitrogen

108
Q

Light projected in a spectrophotometer is measured in __________.

A

Nanometers

109
Q

Seven consecutively decreasing values that cross the mean form a __________.

A

Trend

110
Q

When using reagents, what is the top priority?

A

Personal safety

111
Q

What consent does the patient give when she sticks out her arm for a venipuncture?

A

Implied

112
Q

If the phlebotomist is preparing to complete a blood draw and the last red topped tube is expired, what should be done to complete the blood draw with a red-topped tube?

A

Dispose of the expired tube and obtain another

113
Q

Rheumatoid factor is detected using __________.

A

Latex agglutination

113
Q

When measuring water in a volumetric cylinder, what part of the meniscus is used to read the volume?

A

Bottom of the meniscus

113
Q

What is the most common parasite seen in urine sediment?

A

Trichomonas

114
Q

After the phlebotomist completes the patient’s blood draw, syncope is observed and addressed. What has happened to the patient?

A

The patient fainted

115
Q

If the patient indicates that he or she has experienced syncope in the past with blood draws, which action should be taken by the phlebotomist?

A

Place the patient in the supine position

116
Q

Which of the following is true when operating a handheld glucose monitoring device?

A

A drop of whole blood is added to a test strip

117
Q

What part of a computer links a point-of-care analyzer to an LIS?

A

Middleware

118
Q

The most common organism that causes HAI through contact transmission is __________.

A

Clostridium difficile

119
Q

Hemoglobin A1C is a test to detect __________.

A

Diabetes

120
Q

Why must phlebotomy trays be disinfected on a scheduled basis?

A

They carry HAI

120
Q

The PT/INR test is used to monitor __________.

A

Warfarin

121
Q

What test is necessary to calculate the glomerular filtration rate?

A

Creatine

122
Q

A factor that contributes to the phlebotomist’s professional image is __________.

A

Attitude

123
Q

What is the best resource for determining how best to store reagents?

A

Manufacturer’s instructions

124
Q

What is the most common test performed in the Hematology Department?

A

CBC

125
Q

Laboratory proficiency testing is an example of __________ controls.

A

External

126
Q

A laboratory test that is simple to perform so that an inaccurate result is not likely is deemed __________.

A

Waived

127
Q

Where is the best place to find information on how long a test kit can be used after it is opened?

A

Manufacturer’s insert

128
Q

All of the following except __________ may result in prolonged bleeding at the puncture site.

A

Vitamin K

129
Q

Where is the best place to find information on how to store and handle a chemical in the laboratory?

A

Safety Data Sheets

130
Q

Which of the following blood types is identified as a universal recipient?

A

AB

131
Q

When is the needle safety device activated following venipuncture procedure?

A

Right after the needle is removed from the patient

132
Q

What do aerobic bacteria require for growth?

A

Oxygen

133
Q

Which Gram stain solution stains bacteria purple?

A

Crystal violet

133
Q

What would most likely be seen in urine sediment with a positive test for nitrite on the dipstick?

A

Bacteria

134
Q

Failing to maintain confidentiality of a patient’s laboratory results is what type of error?

A

Post examination

135
Q

When providing instructions to a patient to collect a sputum sample, which of the following is the most appropriate direction?

A

“You should provide the specimen in the morning before eating or drinking”

136
Q

A GHS pictogram with an exclamation mark in it warns of what hazard?

A

Irritant

137
Q

When examining a slide using a microscope, what power is used first?

A

10X

138
Q

Which of these is the best method of protecting electronic PHI?

A

Change your passwords often

139
Q

The most sensitive, specific marker for a heart attack is __________.

A

Troponin I

140
Q

After completing a blood draw using the evacuated tube system, the phlebotomist will complete which of the following?

A

Invert each tube the required number of times to mix the additive with the specimen

141
Q

The phlebotomist will recognize the need to label tubes properly and at which appropriate time?

A

In view of the patient after the blood is drawn

142
Q

For which of the following conditions are dermal punctures appropriate?

A

Obesity

143
Q

Which of these is a form of nonverbal communication?

A

Touching

144
Q

Which of the following additional precautions are taken when collecting a specimen from a patient known to be infected with respiratory microorganisms less than 5 um in diameter?

A

AIrborne

145
Q

In which of the following positions should the phlebotomist place the patient’s arm for venipuncture?

A

Fully extend arm in a downward direction

146
Q

A patient that is type B positive would have __________.

A

B and D antigen, A antibody

147
Q

The laboratory uses __________ codes to detail what procedure was performed.

A

CPT

147
Q

What federal law requires all laboratories to participate in an external quality control program?

A

CLIA

148
Q

If the refrigerator temperature is within normal limits, you should __________.

A

Record the temperature, initial, and date

149
Q

Ion selective electrodes are used to detect and measure electrolytes in what methodology?

A

Potentiometry

150
Q

A comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices necessary to make sure a laboratory’s results are reliable is/are __________.

A

Quality Assurance

151
Q

A phlebotomist who is choosing supplies for a geriatric patient with fragile veins should choose which of the following methods for blood culture collection?

A

Venipuncture using the butterfly method

152
Q

What is the primary function of an eosinophil?

A

Kill parasites

153
Q

Which of the following is an acceptable way of protecting a patient’s confidentiality?

A

Close the door or pull the curtains shut when discussing a patient’s condition

154
Q

Which of the following is considered PPE?

A

Nonlatex gloves

155
Q

The principles of right or wrong conduct as they apply to professional problems are called __________.

A

Ethics

156
Q

A phlebotomy technician has received a urine drug screen specimen with a temperature of 26.8⁰ C (80.2⁰F). Which of the following actions should be taken?

A

Have the patient provide another sample under observation

157
Q

What component of a spectrophotometer contains the patient sample?

A

Cuvette

158
Q

A solution of known concentration used in Beer’s-Lambert Law calculation is a(n) __________.

A

Standard

158
Q

What test is generally used to monitor a patient receiving heparin therapy?

A

PTT

159
Q

CDC guidelines for health care facilities and professionals include the use of Standard Precautions, which serve to __________.

A

Reduce the risk of transmissions of bloodborne and other pathogens

159
Q

What is exhibited when a laboratory assistant identifies with the patient’s thoughts or feelings?

A

Empathy

159
Q

Which of the following is an example of a nonexamination error?

A

Computer interface errors

159
Q

Facial expressions are a form of __________.

A

Kinesics

159
Q

Which is the best specimen to use when performing waived testing in chemistry?

A

Whole blood

159
Q

The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000 requires employers to provide what vaccine free of charge?

A

Hepatitis B

159
Q

Which calculation tells how a set of values are distributed around the mean?

A

Standard deviation (SD)

160
Q

What reagent is commonly used when performing PT and PTT tests?

A

Thromboplastin

161
Q

The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000 is part of what plan?

A

Infection Control

162
Q

__________ measures light that is scattered by the amount of turbidity in a sample-reagent reaction.

A

Nephelometry

163
Q

Reagents are used to __________.

A

Produce a chemical reaction

164
Q

The law that established national standards for the electronic exchange of PHI is __________.

A

HIPPA

165
Q

The CLIA federal regulations are administered by __________.

A

CMS

166
Q

What kind of blood do arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated

167
Q

Which microscope objective requires oil be applied to the slide before engaging the objective?

A

100X

168
Q

The average of a set of numbers is the __________.

A

Mean

169
Q

Which of the following will likely result in a hematoma with venipuncture?

A

Needle completely through the vein

170
Q

Where are blood typing antigens found?

A

On RBCs

171
Q

What is the proper procedure for cleaning a venipuncture site?

A

Back and forth friction

172
Q

An Advance Beneficiary Notice is given to a patient to complete and sign when __________.

A

Medicare payment is expected to be denied

173
Q

Results that fall considerably outside the laboratory’s normal range are __________ values.

A

Panic

174
Q

Codes that describe the patient’s signs and symptoms are __________ codes.

A

ICD

175
Q

Which of the following is true when restocking supplies?

A

Rotate to use the oldest first

176
Q

Which of the following is an abnormal color of urine?

A

Red

177
Q

Which of the following analytes would be found increased in liver disease?

A

Biliruben

178
Q

The most common confirmation test for a rapid strep (Streptococcus Group A) screen test is __________.

A

Culture

179
Q

If a phlebotomy technician discovers a cracked glass tube in the supply tray, which is the proper procedure to follow?

A

Dispose of the cracked tube in the Sharps container

179
Q

If the patient has had a right mastectomy, which is the most appropriate action the phlebotomist should take to complete venipuncture?

A

Draw from the other arm

180
Q

Which of the following is true for ordering laboratory tests?

A

Only the attending physician may order laboratory tests

181
Q

A patient with hematuria has what in their urine?

A

Blood

182
Q

When is the best time to collect a trough specimen for a therapeutic drug?

A

When is the best time to collect a trough specimen for a therapeutic drug?

183
Q

A glucose metabolism screening test performed two hours after a meal is called __________.

A

Postprandial

183
Q

For a test result to be reliable, it must be __________.

A

Both accurate and precise

184
Q

Which of the following helps make up total proteins?

A

Antibodies

Medical Lab Assisting (15 decks)

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