Lesson 8: Animals Flashcards
1
Q
What are animals?
A
- Multi-cellular organisms with tissues and, usually, organs and organ systems
- Undergo larval or embryonic development
2
Q
Larval development?
A
- means that the young look very different from the adult
Ex: caterpillars into butterflies
3
Q
Embryonic development?
A
This type of development means that the young version is a mini-version of the adult
4
Q
Zoology?
A
the branch of science that studies animals
5
Q
How many phylas are there in the animal kingdom? what are they?
A
8 phyla in total to know, but there are 7 invertebrate phylas:
- porifera (sponges)
- cnidaria (jellyfish)
- platyhelminthes (flat worms and round worms)
- annelida (segmented worms)
- mollusca (clams, mussels, snails)
- arthropoda (crabs, lobster, insects, spiders)
- echinodermata (sea urchin, sand dollar)
6
Q
What are the two big groups?
A
- invertebrates
- vertebrates
7
Q
Invertebrates?
A
- they have no backbone
- 97% of all animals
- there are 7 phyla
8
Q
Vertebrates?
A
- the chordata phyla
- they have a backbone
- 3% of animals
9
Q
Protostomes vs deuterostomes, what are they?
A
terms that we use to categorize members of major taxonomic groups of animals by how they develop as embryos
10
Q
Protostomes?
A
- first opening of the organism becomes the mouth
- simple organisms (arthopods, flatworms, annelids)
11
Q
Deuterostomes?
A
- the first opening of the organism becomes the anus (the mouth develops later)
- complex organisms (humans, tigers, monkeys)
12
Q
Porifera characteristics
A
- Have no definite shape – asymmetrical;
- No tissues or organs
- Colony of specialized cells (they are dependent on these specialized cells in order to perform specific functions in their bodies - since they do not have organs!!)
- Immobile
- Good powers of regeneration (parts or whole body)
- Skeleton of sponging (modified collagen) and spicules (hard crystal material)
13
Q
Cnidarian characteristics
A
- Jellyfish, corals, anemones
- Radial symmetry (can be divided at any point into 2 matching halves)
- Primitive nerve net but no brain (very primitive/simplistic nervous system)
- 2-way digestive tract (a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus, very simple digestive cavity that acts as both the stomach and intestine)
- Stinging cells for capturing food.
14
Q
Platyhelminthes characteristics
A
- First animals to exhibit bilateral symmetry (right and left sides are mirror images of one another)
- Have primitive brain
- 3 tissue layers (endoderm, mesoderm, & ectoderm)
- Includes free-living flatworms and parasitic flatworms (tapeworms, flukes)
15
Q
Annelida characteristics
A
- Earthworms, sandworms, leeches
- Slightly more complex body plan, have many segments (like many rings joined together)
- Complete one-way digestive system/tract with mouth and anus
- Have well-developed digestive and circulatory systems (i.e. closed circulatory system - blood is limited to vessels)
