Lesson 2: Introduction to Taxonomy

Question 1

Taxonomic levels: what is it based on?

Answer 1

Linnaeus grouped species into taxonomic ranks based on shared characteristics; now consists of 7 taxa

Question 2

What are the 7 taxons? (taxonomic classification)

Answer 2

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (broad to specific)

Question 3

Phylogeny?

Answer 3

science that regards the evolutionary relationships amongst species; modern taxonomy will help reveal these relationships

Question 4

Clades?

Answer 4

taxonomic group that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 5

What are the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms?

Answer 5

Domains bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Kingdoms bacteria, archaea, protista, animalia, plantae, fungi

Question 6

Which kingdoms belong to which domains?

Answer 6

Kingdoms bacteria and archaea belong to domains bacteria and archaea

Kingdoms protista, animalia, plantae, and fungi belong to domain eukarya

Question 7

Characteristics of kingdom bacteria

Answer 7

• prokaryotic
• cell walls contain a unique compound
• cells are variable in shape and size
• all can reproduce asexually
  -photosynthetic, chemotrophic, heterotrophic

Question 8

Characteristics of kingdom archaea

Answer 8

• prokaryotic
• cell walls and cell membranes have a unique structure
• most are extremely small
• lives in digestive tracts of animals
• can reproduce asexually

Question 9

Characteristics of kingdom protista

Answer 9

• eukaryotic
• cells have extreme diversity of cellular structure
• some have chloroplasts and cell walls
• heterotrophic or photosynthetic (or both)
• has many forms of movement
• lives in aquatic or moist environments
• reproduces asexually and sexually
  Ex: amoeba

Question 10

Characteristics of kingdom fungi

Answer 10

• eukaryotic
• the cell wall is composed of chitlin
• most are multicellular
• cells have no chloroplasts
• all are heterotrophic
• most are terristrial
• reproduces sexually and asexually
  Ex: mushrooms, yeasts, moulds

Question 11

Characteristics of kingdom plantae

Answer 11

• eukaryotic
• all are multicellular
• cell walls are composed of cellulose
• has chloroplasts
• autotrophic and photosynthetic
• most are terrestrial
• reproduce asexually and sexually
  Ex: mosses, ferms, conifers, flowering plants

Question 12

Characteristics of kingdom animalia

Answer 12

• eukaryotic
• all are multicellular
• cells have no cell walls or chloroplasts
• all are heterotrophic
• most reproduce sexually
• live in terrestrial and aquatic environments
  Ex: elephants, sponges, corals, insects, snails, birds, humans