Lesson 10: Plant Anatomy

Question 1

Plant cells?

Answer 1

Plant cells are basic building blocks that can specialize in form and function. They work together to form tissues, and support each other and survive.

Question 2

Levels of organization

Answer 2

atoms>molecules>cells>tissues>organs>plant>population

Question 3

how to plants “speak” to each other

Answer 3

they can share signals with each other–> signals go through the air and through the soil

Question 4

What are meristematic cells?

Answer 4

Plants have specialized cells that perform specific functions
-These cell are all developed from unspecialized cells called meristematic cells
-These are similar to stem cells in animals

Question 5

what tissue groups are meristematic cells found in?

Answer 5

-The growing tips of their roots and leaves
- A special layer of their stem called the cambium
Active through the life of the plant

Question 6

Where can epidermal tissues be found?

Answer 6

on the exterior of the plant

Question 7

what are epidermal cells?

Answer 7

clear and very thin layer of cells that form a protective outer covering

Question 8

what do epidermal cells do

Answer 8

allows for exchange of materials and gasses in and out of the cell
Ex: specialized guard cells form a pore (the pore is called the stomata)
–> allows for exchange of CO2, H2O vapour, and O2

Question 9

what does the ground tissue do?

Answer 9

this tissue makes up the majority of the plant; the function will be different depending on where it is in the plant

Question 10

what does the roots ground tissue do

Answer 10

tissue is involved in food and water storage

Question 11

what does the leaves ground tissue do

Answer 11

it is involved in photosynthesis and gas exchange (mesophyll)

Question 12

what does the stems ground tissue do

Answer 12

provides strength and support

Question 13

Vascular tissue? what does it do

Answer 13

transports water and nutrients throughout the plant

Question 14

what are the 2 types of vascular tissues?

Answer 14

xylem and phloem

Question 15

xylem

Answer 15

responsible for the movement of water and minerals from the roots up to the stem and to the leaves (one way flow only of water and minerals)

Question 16

phloem

Answer 16

transports sugar produced in photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant (two way flow of food and water)

Question 17

difference between xylem and phloem

Answer 17

Xylem cells are DEAD!
-They are hollow cells and consist only of cell wall
-These cells transports water and dissolved minerals
Phloem cells are ALIVE!
-However, they lack nucleus and organelles
-These are the cells that transport organic materials (sugars)

Question 18

what are the functions of the plant roots

Answer 18

-Anchorage
-Absorption of water & dissolved minerals
-Storage (surplus sugars, starch)
-Conduction water/nutrients

Question 19

what are roots made up of? (tissues)

Answer 19

epidermal, ground, and vascular tissues

Question 20

what does the dermal tissue do?

Answer 20

covers and protects the plant

Question 21

what does the ground tissue do?

Answer 21

serves as a site for photosynthesis, provides support for vascular tissue, and helps to store water and sugars

Question 22

what does the vascular tissue do?

Answer 22

transports water, minerals, and sugars to other parts of the plant

Question 23

what is the root epidermal tissue there for

Answer 23

for protection and absorption of water
- also has root hairs that increase the surface area

Question 24

what is the root ground tissue there for

Answer 24

to provide support and store sugars, starches, and other substances

Question 25

what is the vascular tissue made up of?

Answer 25

both xylem and phloem (for transportation of materials)

Question 26

What is the function of stems

Answer 26

-Support of leaves and fruits
-Transportation of water and sugars throughout plant (xylem and phloem)

Question 27

what are stems made up of (tissue)

Answer 27

combination of epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue

Question 28

what does the epidermal tissue of the stem provide?

Answer 28

provides protection
- includes the production of a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss or trichome hairs for protection

Question 29

what is the ground tissue of the stem there for

Answer 29

for support, storage of materials, and photosynthesis if green

Question 30

what is the vascular tissue of the stem made up of

Answer 30

both xylem and phloem (transportation of materials)

Question 31

what are the different types of stems

Answer 31

1. dicot
2. monocot

Question 32

dicot stems

Answer 32

Dicot stems have a well defined epidermis with cuticle (layer of dermis with multicellular stem hair)

Question 33

monocot stems

Answer 33

Monocot stems are circular shaped with lateral branches, they are bounded with a layer of dermis

Question 34

different types of stems

Answer 34

• woody
• herbaceous

Question 35

woody plants

Answer 35

they produce a hard woody stem above the ground

Question 36

herbaceous plants

Answer 36

produces soft and flexible green stems above the ground
**Most to all monocots are herbaceous, but dicots can be woody or herbaceous (approx. 50% of all dicots are woody)!

Question 37

what are the functions of leaves

Answer 37

The leaf is the ‘Photosynthetic factories’ of the plant
-This means its major function is to perform photosynthesis which produces food for the whole plant

Question 38

word/chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 38

carbon dioxide + water –> sugars (i.e glucose) + oxygen (and sunlight energy aka ATP)

Question 39

what is mesophyll

Answer 39

the ground tissue that performs photosynthesis and is spongy to allow gas exchange