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PHILO > Lesson 8 > Flashcards

Lesson 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end of bodily functions which signal the end of a person’s life?

A

death

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2
Q

Which takes place when we patiently endure unpleasantness, discomfort, and pain?

A

suffering

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3
Q

What religion believes that after death, the soul will either go to heaven or to hell, depending on the judgment anchored on how the person lived his/her life on earth?

A

Christianity

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4
Q

Which of the following believes on the concept of reincarnation and the transmigration of the spirit?

A

Hinduism

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of Physical Suffering?

A

anxiety

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6
Q

Which of the following describes the truth about the concept of death?

A

The reality about our human condition

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7
Q

Life is short and death is sure. how should you live before it finally ends?

A

Make use of your life a more meaningful way
Make choices that will be good for you and for others.
Identify the goals you need to achieve so you can say you lived a meaningful life.

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT about human life?

A

Immortality can be achieved by man.

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9
Q

What is the basic premise in the development of the human being

A

Human is the author and protagonist of his/her life.

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10
Q

Which of the following refers to the person being accountable for his/her action and their consequences?

A

Responsibility

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11
Q

Which of the following is an indication of the human being’s inclination towards spirituality?

A

Becoming spiritual as one grows older

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12
Q

The Option MPC flourished in terms of production of muscovado because of its new machineries that arrived last January 2019. What kind of society is this?

A

Agricultural society

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13
Q

Socratic method

A

(1) to assess by questions the character of
the student; and
(2) to set him problems, exhort him to reduce each problem to its
constituent elements, and criticize the solutions that he offers.

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14
Q

a process that serves the learner to
seek for knowledge by ridding the mind of prejudices and then by humbly accepting
his ignorance, and then draws truth out of the learner’s mind. This examines, compares,
and studies the similarities and dissimilarities of the idea being discussed, so that the
clear and precise notion of the idea is achieved.

A

ironic process

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15
Q

the body is the source of endless trouble to us by reason of
the mere requirement of food, and is liable also to diseases, which overtake and
impede us in the search after true being: it fills us full of love, lusts, and fears, and fancies
of all kinds, and endless foolishness.

A

Plato

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16
Q

Thus, to see the truth, we must quit the body – the soul in itself
must behold things in themselves. Then, we shall attain the wisdom we desire.
Knowledge however, can be attained (if at all) after death: for if while in the company
of the body, the soul cannot have pure knowledge.

A

Plato’s theory of immortality

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17
Q

everything in nature seeks to realize itself to develop its potentialities
and finally realize its actualities. All things have strived toward their “end”.

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

a Greek word for “to become its essence.”

A

entelechy

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19
Q

nothing happens by chance

A

Entelechy

20
Q

The Birth of Tragedy, analyzed the art of Athenian tragedy
as the product of the Greeks’ deep and non-evasive thinking about the meaning of life
in the face of extreme vulnerability.

A

Nietzsche’s first book

21
Q

____________grew from his unflinching recognition and the beautification, even the idealization of the inevitability
of human suffering

A

Tragedy (according to Nietzsche)

22
Q

For Nietzsche, this was based on healthy self-assertion, not self-abasement and the
renunciation of the instincts.

A

morality

23
Q

The individual has to liberate himself from environmental influences that are false to
one’s essential beings, for the “unfree man” is a disgrace to nature.”

A

TRUE

24
Q

As part of the natural world, we are motivated by our inclinations.

A

Arthur Schopenhauer

25
Q

According to Schopenhauer, this is a world of illusion

A

The phenomenal world

26
Q

profound reality that underlies the phenomenal world

A

the noumenal reality, the thing-in-itself.

27
Q

The Will is essentially rational and presupposes
freedom. As noumenal, however, it can neither be experienced nor known.

A

Kant

28
Q

Schopenhauer departs from Kant both in denying the rationality of the Will and in
claiming that we can have experience of the thing-in-itself as Will

A

TRUE

29
Q

They are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering. More simply put, suffering exists; it has a cause; it has an end; and it has a cause to bring about its end.

A

The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

30
Q

human existence is exhibited in care

A

Martin Heidegger

31
Q

Eternity does not enter the
picture, for wholeness is attainable within humanity’s finite temporality

A

(Falikowski 2004)

32
Q

Humanity gets projected ahead of itself. Entities that are encountered
are transformed merely as ready-to-hand for serviceability and out of them.
Humanity constructs the instrumental world on the basis of the persons’ concerns.

A

Possibility

33
Q

A person is not pure possibility but factical possibility: possibilities open to
him at any time conditioned and limited by circumstances (e.g., historical situation,
race, and natural endowments). Heidegger speaks of “throwness” that is, a person is
thrown into a world and exists in his/her situation. A person’s situation as a finite entity
is thrown into a world where he/she must project his/her possibilities not disclosed by
theoretical understanding but by moods.

A

Facticity

34
Q

Humanity flees from the disclosure of anxiety to lose oneself in
absorption with the instrumental world, or to bury oneself in the anonymous
impersonal existence of the mass, where no one is responsible. Humanity has fallen
away from one’s authentic possibility into an authentic existence of irresponsibility
and illusory security. Inauthentic existence, thus, is scattered and fragmented.

A

Fallenness

35
Q

Death is not
accidental, nor should be analyzed. It belongs to humanity’s facticity (limitations).

A

Martin Heidegger

36
Q

philosophy is considered to be a representative of atheistic existentialism

A

Jean-Paul Sartre

37
Q

The human person desires to be God; the desire to exist as a
being that has its sufficient ground in itself (en sui causa).

A

Sartre

38
Q

It signifies the permeable and dense, silent and dead. From them
comes no meaning, they only are. The en-soi is absurd, it only finds meaning only
through the human person, the one and only pour-soi.

A

en- soi (in-itself)

39
Q

The world only has meaning according to what the person gives
to it. Compared with the en-soi, a person has no fixed nature. To put it in a paradox:
the human person is not what he/she is.

A

pour-soi (for-itself)

40
Q

Sartre’s existentialism stems from this principle

A

existence precedes essence.

41
Q

the first German to address the question of guilt: of
Germans, of humanity implicated by the cruelty of the Holocaust.

A

Karl Jaspers

42
Q

Authentic existence (existenz) is freedom and God:

A

Karl Jaspers

43
Q

philosophy has the tension (the essence of drama) and the harmony
(that is the essence of music).

A

Gabriel Marcel

44
Q

Marcel’s Phenomenological Method

A

Primary Reflection
Secondary Reflection

45
Q

This method looks at the world or at any object as a problem,
detached from the self and fragment. This is the foundation of scientific knowledge.
Subject does not enter into the object investigated. The data of primary reflection lie
in the public domain and are equally available to any qualified observer.

A

Primary Reflection.

PHILO (5 decks)

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