lesson 7 plant cell specialisation Flashcards

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1
Q

most plant cells are _________

meaning….

A

specialised

they have special adaptations which help them carry out their particular function

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2
Q

when cells become specialised, scientists call this process _______

A

differentiation

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3
Q

why do hairs increase the surface area of the root

A

so it can absorb more water and dissolved materials more effectively

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4
Q

what does the root hair do

A

increase the surface area of the root

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5
Q

why don’t root hair cells contain chloroplasts

A

because they’re underground

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6
Q

where are xylems found and what do they form

A

they are found in the plants stem

they form long tubes

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7
Q

what do the long tubes do in xylem cells

A

they carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

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8
Q

xylem cells have very thick walls containing ____

and it does what

A

lignin which provides support to the plant

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9
Q

because the cell walls are sealed with lignin, the causes the xylem cells to _____

A

die

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10
Q

the end walls between the cells have completely broken down meaning what…

A

the cells now form a long tube so water and dissolved minerals can flow easily

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11
Q

xylem cells have got no..

meaning what

A

nucleus, cytoplasm,
vacuole or chloroplasts

meaning they have no internal structures at all

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12
Q

the fact that xylem cells have no internal structure at all, means what

A

makes it easier for water and minerals to flow

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13
Q

phloem tubes carry what

A

dissolved sugars up and down the plant

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14
Q

phloem tubes contain two different types of cells which are

A

phloem vessel cells
and sieve plates

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15
Q

phloem vessel cells have no..

A

nucleus and are only limited to cytoplasm

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16
Q

the end walls of the vessel cells have pores called what

A

sieve plates

17
Q

both phloem vessel cells and sieve plates allow what

A

dissolved sugars to move through the cell interior

18
Q

because phloem vessel cells have very limited cytoplasm, they haven’t got many mitochondria meaning what..

A

so each phloem vessel cell has a companion cell connected by pores

19
Q

mitochondria in the companion cell does what

A

provides energy to the phloem vessel cell