lesson 13 stem cells

Question 1

humans start when what happens

Answer 1

a sperm cell joins with an ovum (fertilisation)

Question 2

when a fertilised ovum undergoes mitosis, what occurs

Answer 2

it forms a ball of cells called an embryo

Question 3

embryonic cells continue to undergo what

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

embryonic cells also change and begin to form what

Answer 4

specialised cells such as nerve cells and muscle cells

Question 5

whats differentiation

Answer 5

when cells specialise

Question 6

overtime cell specialisation forms what

Answer 6

adult organisms

Question 7

cells in the early stage embryo have not what

Answer 7

differentiated

Question 8

any early stage embryo is able is capable of differentiating into what

Answer 8

any type of body cell

Question 9

what is a stem cell

Answer 9

an undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells

Question 10

where can we find stem cells

Answer 10

in adult organisms

Question 11

what’s an example in where we can find stem cells

Answer 11

bone marrow

Question 12

stem cells in bone marrow differentiate to make what

Answer 12

to form cells found in our blood

Question 13

bone marrow stem cells differentiate into what

Answer 13

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 14

unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells cannot what

Answer 14

differentiate into any other type of cell

Question 15

what is leukaemia

Answer 15

a cancer of the bone marrow

Question 16

how do we treat leukaemia

Answer 16

first the patients existing bone marrow is destroyed via radiation

Question 17

after the patients existing bone marrow is destroyed via radiation, then what occurs

Answer 17

the patient then receives a transplant of bone marrow via a donor

Question 18

after the patient then receives a transplant of bone marrow via a donor then what occurs

Answer 18

the stem cells in the bone marrow divide and form new bone marrow, they also differentiate and form new blood cells

Question 19

what is a problem with bone marrow transplant

Answer 19

the donor has to be compatible with the patient otherwise the white blood cells produced by the donated bone marrow could attack the patients body

Question 20

what’s another problem with bone marrow transplant

Answer 20

there’s a risk that viruses can be passed from the donor to the patient

Question 21

another way stem cells can be used in medicine is through what

Answer 21

therapeutic cloning

Question 22

what occurs during therapeutic cloning

Answer 22

an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient

Question 23

stem cells from the embryo can be transplanted in the patients body without what

Answer 23

being rejected by the patient’s immune system

Question 24

once inside the patient the stem cells then what

Answer 24

can differentiate to replace cells that have stopped working correctly

Question 25

therapeutic cloning is useful for a whole range of medical conditions, such as

Answer 25

diabetes or paralysis

Question 26

some people have religious or ethical objections to which procedure

Answer 26

therapeutic cloning

Question 27

roots and buds contain what

Answer 27

meristem tissue

Question 28

meristem tissues can differentiate into what

Answer 28

any type of plant tissue, at any point in the life of the plant

Question 29

we can use meristem tissue for what

Answer 29

to produce clones of a plant quickly and cheaply

Question 30

we could use meristem tissue to clone a rare plant to stop it from what

Answer 30

going extinct or we could produce cloned crop plants for farmers