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BSC2085 > Lesson 7 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lesson 7 Integumentary System Flashcards

Lessons 7-11

1
Q

How does vitamin D synthesis occur in the skin?

A

UV radiation causes epidermal cells to produce cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), converted to calcitriol

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2
Q

what are the 5 functions of the skin?

A
  1. protection
  2. vitamin d synthesis
  3. sensation
  4. thermoregulation
  5. nonverbal communication
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3
Q

what type of tissue is the epidermis?

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

what are the 5 epidermal cells types?

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. stem cells
  3. melanocytes
  4. tactile cells
  5. dendritic cells
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5
Q

what are the 5 layers of the epidermis? (superficial to deep)

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
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6
Q

which layer of the epidermis contains dead keratinized cells?

A

stratum corneum

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7
Q

at which layer of the epidermis do keratinocytes begin to dehydrate and die?

A

stratum granulosum

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8
Q

what are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. papillary layer
  2. reticular layer
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9
Q

what type of tissue is the papillary layer composed of?

A

areolar tissue

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10
Q

what type of tissue is the reticular layer composed of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

what are the 2 types of fibers in the dermis? list a function from each.

A
  1. collagen fibers
    - provides flexibility, bends but resists stretching
  2. elastic fibers
    - provides flexibility and stretching, allows for recoil
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12
Q

what is dermatitis and what causes it?

A

inflammation of the papillary layer. can be caused by infection or radiation

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13
Q

what are decubitus ulcers and what causes them?

A

bedsores caused by the compression of superficial blood vessels

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14
Q

what are friction ridges?

A

they are formed by dermal papillae. fingerprints!!

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15
Q

what are flextion lines?

A

creases on the surfaces of the fingers, palms, wrists, and elbows from where skin folds during flexion of joints

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16
Q

what are hemangiomas?

A

birthmarks

17
Q

what is a nevus?

A

a mole; elevated, melanized patch

18
Q

what is subcutaneous fat and what are its functions?

A

subcutaneous tissue mostly composed of adipose tissue; insulates and reserves energy

19
Q

what is a pilus?

A

hair

20
Q

what are the 3 types of hair? name some characteristics of each

A
  1. downy hair (lanugo)
    - fine, unpigmented hair (fetus)
  2. vellus hair
    - fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by time of birth
  3. terminal hair
    - longer and coarser hair; more pigment
21
Q

what are the 3 layers of hair? (deep to superficial)

A
  1. medulla (core)
  2. cortex (bulk of hair)
  3. cuticle (outermost region)
22
Q

what are the 2 principle layers of a follicle?

A
  1. epithelial root sheath
    - extension of the epidermis
  2. connective tissue root sheath
    - derived from the dermis (surrounds the epithelial root sheath)
23
Q

what connects the follicle to the dermis?

A

arrector muscle (also makes the hair contract upwards)

24
Q

what do myoepithelial cells do?

A

they have contracting properties that squeeze perspiration up the duct

25
Q

what are the 2 types of perspiration and how does it occur?

A
  1. insensible perspiration
    - water loss by evaporation from skin (you can’t see it)
  2. diaphoresis
    - visible sweating from skin
26
Q

how do eccrine, apocrine, and holocrine glands release their secretions? what is the difference between them?

A

exocytosis. eccrine glands release their secretions directly onto the skin, while apocrine glands release secretions into hair follicles. holocrine glands accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates.

27
Q

what type of gland is a sebaceous gland?

A

holocrine gland

28
Q

what are ceruminous glands?

A

modifed versions of apocrine glands. produces cerumen (earwax)

29
Q

what are the 3 types of skin cancer? where and how does it occur?

A
  1. basal cell carcinoma
    - cells in the stratum basale
  2. squamous cell carcinoma
    - keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum
  3. melanoma
    - melanocytes
30
Q

what are characteristics of a first degree burn?

A

only involves the epidermis, and is painful

31
Q

what are characteristics of a second degree burn?

A

involves part of the dermis, and can be painful. takes longer to heal

32
Q

what are characteristics of a third degree burn?

A

involves all of the dermis and sometimes deeper tissues. painless because nerve endings are destroyed

BSC2085 (10 decks)

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