Lesson 7: Gender-based Violence

Question 1

is a persistent and universal problem occurring in every culture and social group.

Answer 1

Violence against women

Question 2

Around the world, at least one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime – most often by someone she knows, including a

Answer 2

member of her own family, an employer or a co-worker.

Question 3

has been called “the most pervasive yet least recognized human rights abuse in the world.”

Answer 3

Violence against women

Question 4

Accordingly, the [?] in Vienna in 1993 and the [?] in 1994 gave priority to this issue, which jeopardizes women’s lives, bodies, psychological integrity and freedom.

Answer 4

Second World Conference on Human Rights

Fourth World Conference on Women

Question 5

Violence against women is often known as [?]because it partly stems from women’s subordinate status in society.

Answer 5

‘gender-based’ violence

Question 6

is violence against women based on women’s subordinate status in society.

Answer 6

Gender-based violence

Question 7

It includes any act or threat by men or male dominated institutions that inflict physical, sexual, or psychological harm on a woman or girl because of their gender.

Answer 7

Gender-based violence

Question 8

In most cultures, traditional beliefs, norms and social institutions legitimize and therefore perpetuate violence against women.

Answer 8

Gender-based violence

Question 9

physical, sexual and psychological violence such as

Answer 9

domestic violence

Question 10

sexual abuse, including [?] and sexual abuse of children by family members;

Answer 10

rape

Question 11

[?]; [?];

Answer 11

forced pregnancy

sexual slavery

Question 12

traditional practices harmful to women, such as [?];

Answer 12

honor killings, burning or acid throwing, female genital mutilation, dowry-related violence

Question 13

violence in armed conflict, such as;

Answer 13

murder and rape

Question 14

emotional abuse, such as

Answer 14

coercion and abusive language.

Question 15

Trafficking of women and girls for [?] are additional examples of violence against women.

Answer 15

prostitution, forced marriage, sexual harassment and intimidation at work

Question 16

Gender violence occurs in both the

Answer 16

‘public’ and ‘private’ spheres.

Question 17

Such violence not only occurs in the family and in the general community, but is sometimes also perpetuated by the state through policies or the actions of agents of the state such as the

Answer 17

police, military or immigration authorities.

Question 18

happens in all societies, across all social classes, with women particularly at risk from men they know.

Answer 18

Gender-based violence

Question 19

Types of Gender-Based Violence

Question 20

(includes battering, sexual assault, at home or in the workplace)

Answer 20

 Overt physical abuse

Question 21

(includes deprivation of liberty, forced marriage, sexual harassment, at home or in the workplace)

Answer 21

 Psychological abuse

Question 22

(including health care, nutrition, education, means of livelihood)

Answer 22

 Deprivation of resources needed for physical and psychological well-being

Question 23

(includes trafficking in women and girls for sexual exploitation)

Answer 23

 Treatment of women as commodities

Question 24

Prenatal sex physical/sexual/psychological child abuse during pregnancy

Answer 24

Prenatal: Female

Question 25

coerced/forced pregnancy

Answer 25

Prenatal, Adulthood: Female

Question 26

Prenatal sex selection

Answer 26

Prenatal: Male

Question 27

Female infanticide

Answer 27

Infancy: Female

Question 28

sexual, child abuse

Answer 28

Infancy: Female

Question 29

living with domestic violence

Answer 29

Infancy and Childhood: Male and Female

Question 30

neglect including access to food and medical care

Answer 30

Infancy: Male and Female

Question 31

Physical/sexual/psychological child abuse

Answer 31

Infancy: Male

Question 32

socialisation into violent behaviour

Answer 32

Infancy: Male

Question 33

living with domestic violence neglect including access to food and medical care

Answer 33

Infancy: Male and Female

Question 34

Sexual, physical and emotional abuse

Answer 34

Childhood: Male and female

Question 35

prostitution

Answer 35

Childhood: Female

Question 36

child/forced marriage

Answer 36

Childhood: Female

Question 37

FGM

Answer 37

Childhood, Adolescence: Female

Question 38

femicide

Answer 38

Childhood, Adulthood: Female

Question 39

up- bringing that does not allow deviation from traditional gender norms

Answer 39

Childhood: Male and female

Question 40

medical care and education

Answer 40

Childhood: Female

Question 41

male circumcision

Answer 41

Childhood: Male

Question 42

forced recruitment of child soldiers

Answer 42

Childhood: Male

Question 43

discrimination in nourishing food distribution

Answer 43

Childhood: Female

Question 44

prostitution and pornography

Answer 44

Adolescence: Female

Question 45

trafficking, sexual harassment at school and in the street

Answer 45

Adolescence: Female

Question 46

forced marriage

Answer 46

Adolescence: Female

Question 47

forced recruitment of child soldiers

Answer 47

Adolescence: Male and female

Question 48

honour crimes

Answer 48

Adolescence, Adulthood: Male and female

Question 49

intimate partner violence and rape and sexual assault by relatives, known persons or strangers

Answer 49

Adolescence: Female

Question 50

gang violence

Answer 50

Adolescence, Adulthood : Male

Question 51

expectations of violent behaviour as the norm

Answer 51

Adolescence: Male

Question 52

invitation rites into violence

Answer 52

Adolescence: Male

Question 53

Sexual harassment at work and in the public space

Answer 53

Adulthood: Female

Question 54

intimate partner violence

Answer 54

Adulthood, Old age: Female

Question 55

sexual exploitation and trafficking

Answer 55

Adulthood: Female and male

Question 56

stalking

Answer 56

Adulthood: Female

Question 57

witnessing or forced to conduct rape

Answer 57

Adulthood: Male

Question 58

violence in the army and in conflict, gun violence

Answer 58

Adulthood: Male

Question 59

Elder abuse

Answer 59

Old age: Female and male

Question 60

rape, abuse of widows

Answer 60

Old age: Female

Question 61

sexual harassment in public space

Answer 61

Old age: Female

Question 62

institutional abuse

Answer 62

Old age: Female

Question 63

Sites of Gender-Based Violence

Answer 63

Family Community/Society Workplace State

Question 64

is one of the primary sites of gender violence.

Answer 64

Family

Question 65

It prepares its members for social life, forms gender stereotypes and perceptions of division of labor between the sexes.

Answer 65

Family

Question 66

It is the arena where physical abuses (spousal battering, sexual assault, sexual abuse) and/or psychological abuses occur.

Answer 66

Family

Question 67

(Domestic violence can also take such forms as confinement, forced marriage of woman arranged by her family without her consent, threats, insults and neglect; overt control of a woman’s sexuality through either forced pregnancy or forced abortion.)

Answer 67

Family

Question 68

because violence takes place in the home, it is often seen as a ‘private’ issue and information about it is lacking.

Answer 68

Family

Question 69

is a group sharing common social, cultural, religious or ethnic belonging, it perpetuates existing family structure and power inequalities in family and society.

Answer 69

Community/Society

Question 70

justifies the behavior of male abusers aimed at establishing control over women in the family, and supports harmful traditional practices such as battering and corporal punishment

Answer 70

Community

Question 71

can also be a site of violence.

Answer 71

Workplace

Question 72

Either in governmental service or in a business company, women are vulnerable to sexual aggression (harassment, intimidation) and commercialized violence (trafficking for sexual exploitation)

Answer 72

Workplace

Question 73

- legitimizes power inequalities in family and society and perpetuates gender- based violence through enactment of discriminatory laws and polities or through the discriminatory application of the law.

Answer 73

State

Question 74

It is responsible for tolerance of gender violence on an unofficial level (i.e. in the family and in the community).

Answer 74

State

Question 75

To the extent that it is the State’s recognized role to sanction certain norms that protect individual life and dignity and maintain collective peace, it is the State’s obligation to develop and implement measures that redress gender violence

Answer 75

State

Question 76

The primary inequality that gives rise to gender-based violence is the

Answer 76

power inequality between women and men.

Question 77

The majority of perpetrators of gender-based violence are.

Answer 77

men

Question 78

However, despite the fact that no society is free from it, [?] against women varies in degree and intensity according to the specific circumstances.

Answer 78

male violence

Question 79

Many men choose to reject dominant stereotypes of violent, controlling

Answer 79

masculinity.

Question 80

Some types of violence against women are perpetrated by

Answer 80

women.

Question 81

Some authors (e.g. [?], in Ending Violence Against Women: A Challenge for Development and Humanitarian Work , Oxfam GB 2001) point out that oftentimes, women commit violence as a way to ensure their own survival and security within a social, economic, and political context that is shaped and dominated by men.

Answer 81

Francine Pickup

Question 82

For example in some societies, older women may display violent behavior towards their

Answer 82

daughters-in-law.

Question 83

may also interact to cause violence against women, when these are the factors increasing women’s vulnerability.

Answer 83

Race and class

Question 84

who are socially and materially dependent on their husbands may use violence against their domestic workers to protect and assert their position as wives.

Answer 84

Upper-class women

Question 85

is not exclusively a woman’s concern.

Answer 85

Gender-based violence

Question 86

It is both a cause and consequence of gender perceptions.

Answer 86

Gender-based violence

Question 87

The use of the term ‘?’ provides a new context in which to examine and understand the phenomenon of violence against women. gender-based violence

Answer 87

gender-based violence

Question 88

It shifts the focus from women as victims to gender and the unequal power relationships between women and men created and maintained by gender stereotypes as the basic underlying cause of violence against women.

Answer 88

Gender-based Violence

Question 89

Violence against women was defined in 1993 by the [?] as “any act of genderbased violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”.

Answer 89

United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women

Question 90

[?] in the family including battering, sexual abuse of girls and young women in the household

Answer 90

 physical, sexual and psychological violence

Question 91

[?] and other harmful traditional practices

Answer 91

 dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation

Question 92

[?] and violence related to exploitation

Answer 92

 non-spousal violence

Question 93

[?] in the community including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere

Answer 93

 physical, sexual and psychological violence

Question 94

[?] and forced prostitution

Answer 94

 trafficking of women

Question 95

[?] perpetuated or condoned by a State, wherever it occurs.

Answer 95

 physical, sexual and psychological violence

Question 96

This definition was expanded in 1995 by the Fourth World Conference on Women in its Beijing Platform for Action, which added that such violence includes:  [?] and forced abortion  coercive or forced [?]  female infanticide and [?]  women’s human rights violations in situations of [?]– particularly murder, systematic rape, sexual slavery and forced pregnancy.

Answer 96

forced sterilization contraceptive use prenatal sex selection armed conflict

Question 97

The [?] identified as particularly vulnerable to violence those “belonging to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee women, women migrants including women migrant workers, women in poverty living in rural or remote communities, destitute women, women in institutions or in detention, female children, women with disabilities, elderly women, displaced women, repatriated women, women living in poverty and women in situations of armed conflict, foreign occupation, wars of aggression, civil wars, [and] terrorism including hostage taking.

Answer 97

Beijing Platform for Action

Question 98

1. Violence only affects certain groups of women.

Question 99

2. Domestic and sexual violence are the only types of violence affecting women.

Question 100

3. Violence can affect all women from all socioeconomic and family backgrounds.

Question 101

4. Physical abuse is just one of the many forms of violence.

Question 102

5. Men have no role in ending violence against women.

Question 103

6. Domestic violence is a private family matter.

Question 104

7. Violence against women is a human rights issue.

Question 105

8. Sexist attitude promote gender stereotypes and discrimination against women.

Question 106

9. Sexual violence is more likely to be committed by a stranger.

Question 107

10. There is nothing wrong with a sexist joke.

Question 108

11. There is nothing we can do to stop violence against women.

Question 109

12. Violence against women is the product of learned attitudes and norms.

Question 110

13. Men can’t control their temper, thus they become violent.

Question 111

14. Sexual violence is caused by women’s provocative and sexy attires.

Question 112

15. Prostitution that involves money is not a gender-based type of violence.