Lesson 7 - Concepts

Question 1

Mental imagery is knowledge-driven

Answer 1

it involves utilizing the information stored in long-term memory to create internal images of sounds and objects that you have previously experienced

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

requires both bottom-up and top-down processing.

Question 3

mental imagery ( also called imagery)

Answer 3

refers to the mental representation of stimuli when those stimuli are not physically present in the environment

Question 4

visual imagery

Answer 4

or the mental representation of visual stimuli

Question 5

auditory imagery

Answer 5

the mental representation of auditory stimuli

Question 6

imagery debate

Answer 6

refers to an important controvery: Do our mental images resemble perception ( using an analog code) or do they resemble language ( using a propositional code) ??

Question 7

analog code

Answer 7

is a representation that closely resembles the physical object

Question 8

propositional code

Answer 8

is an abstract, language-like representation; storage is neither visual or spatial, and it does not physically resemble the original stimulus

Question 9

prosopagnosia

Answer 9

people with prosopagnosia cannot recognize faces, though they perceive other objects relatively normally

Question 10

demand characteristics

Answer 10

are all the cues that might convey the experiementer’s hypothesis to the participants.

Question 11

Meta-analysis

Answer 11

is a statistical method for combining numerous studies on a single topic

Question 12

pitch

Answer 12

is the characteristic of a sound stimulus

Question 13

TImbre

Answer 13

describes the sound quality of a tone

Question 14

cognitive map

Answer 14

is a mental representation of geographic information, including the environment that surrounds us

Question 15

spatial cognition

Answer 15

primarily refers to three cognitive activities (1) our thoughts about cognitive maps; (2) how we remember the world we navigate; (3) how we keep track of objects in a spatial array

Question 16

heuristic

Answer 16

is a general problem-solving strategy that usually produces a correct solution….but not always

Question 17

border bias

Answer 17

people estimate that the distance between two specific locations is larger if they are on different sides of a geographic border, compared to two locations on the same side of the border

Question 18

landmark effect

Answer 18

is the general tendency to provide shorter estimates when traveling to a landmark- an important geographical location - rather than a nonlandmark

Question 19

90-degree angle heuristic

Answer 19

representing angles in a mental map as being closer to 90 degrees than they really are

Question 20

rotation heuristic

Answer 20

a figure that is slightly tilted will be remembered as being either more vertical or more horizontal than it really is

Question 21

alignment heuristic

Answer 21

a series of separate geographic structures will be remembered as being more lined up than they really are

Question 22

spatial framework model

Answer 22

emphasizes that the above-below spatial dimension is especially important in our thinking, the front-back dimension is moderately important, and the right-left dimension is least important.

Question 23

situation cognition approach

Answer 23

we make use of helpful information in the immediate environment or situation. Therefore, our knowledge depends on the context that surrounds us. As a result, what we know depends on the situation we are in.