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A & P > Lesson 6 - TISSUES PART 2 > Flashcards

Lesson 6 - TISSUES PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 basic characteristics of connective tissue ?

A
  1. specialized cells (more than 1 cell type present)
  2. solid extracellular protein fibers
  3. fluid extracellular ground substance
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2
Q

is important not only fills space between cells, but also slow pathogen movement

A

ground substance

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3
Q

the extracellular components of connective tissue

A

fibers and ground substance

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4
Q

the extracellular components of connective tissue make up the ____

A

matrix

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5
Q

majority of connective tissue volume

determines specialized function

A

the extracellular components of conn. tissue that make up the matrix

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6
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A
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7
Q

FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A
  • establishing a structural framework for the body
  • transporting fluids and dissolved materials
  • protecting delicate organs
  • supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other types of tissue
  • storing energy reserves, especially in the form of triglycerides
  • defending the body from invading microorganisms
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8
Q

3 general categories of connective tissue

A
  1. connective tissue proper
  2. fluid connective tissues
  3. supporting connective tissues
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9
Q

functions to connect and protect

ex: tendons and adipose tissue

A

connective tissue proper

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10
Q

functions in transportation

ex: blood and lymph

A

fluid connective tissue

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11
Q

provides structural strength

ex: cartilage and bone

A

supporting connective tissues

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12
Q

connective tissue proper cell populations

A
  1. fibroblasts
  2. fibrocytes
  3. adipocytes
  4. mesenchymal cells
  5. macrophages
  6. mast cells
  7. lymphocytes
  8. microphages
  9. melanocytes
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13
Q

the most abundant cell type in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts

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14
Q

found in all connective tissue proper

A

fibroblasts

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15
Q

secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)

A

fibroblasts

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16
Q

the second most abundant cell type - develops from fibroblasts

A

fibrocytes

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17
Q

found in all connective tissue proper

A

fibrocytes

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18
Q

maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper

A

fibrocytes

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19
Q

also known as adipose cells

A

adipocytes

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20
Q

fat cells

A

adipocytes

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21
Q

each cell stores a single, large fat droplet

A

adipocytes

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22
Q

functions as energy reserve and cushions tissues/organs

A

adipocytes

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23
Q

found in many connective tissue

A

mesenchymal cells

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24
Q

stem cells are part of mesenchymal cells

A

true

25
Q

cells that respond to injury or infection

A

stem cells

26
Q

differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, or other connective tissue cells in response to injury or infection

A

stem cells

27
Q

large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system

A

macrophages

28
Q

eat pathogens and damaged cells

A

macrophages

29
Q

two classes of macrophages:

A

fixed and free

30
Q

stay in tissue, frontline defense, reinforced by free macrophages and other cells

A

fixed macrophages

31
Q

migrate through tissue

A

free macrophages

32
Q

stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

A

mast cells

33
Q

release histamine (dilates blood vessels) to stimulate local inflammation and heparin (anticoagulant) to prevent blood clots in areas of slow blood flow

A

mast cells

34
Q

basophils are leukocytes (white blood cells) that also contain histamine and heparin (mast cells)

A

true

35
Q

specialized immune cells in lymphatic (lymphoid) system

A

lymphocytes

36
Q

ex: some lymphocytes may develop into plasma cells (plasmocytes) that produce antibodies

A

true

37
Q

vaccines stimulate some lymphocytes to become plasma cells which produces antibody proteins that circulate in blood (lymphocytes)

A

true

38
Q

neutrophils and eosinophils

A

microphages

39
Q

phagocytic white blood cells

A

microphages

40
Q

moves through connective tissue in small numbers

A

microphages

41
Q

respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells and signals from site of infection

A

microphages

42
Q

synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin (gives tissue a dark color)

A

melanocytes

43
Q

located in the eye and the dermis of the skin

A

melanocytes

44
Q

embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

45
Q

the first connective tissue in embryos

A

embryonic connective tissue

46
Q

gives rise to all other connective tissues

A

embryonic connective tissue

47
Q

are not found in adults

BUT

many adult connective tissues do have mesenchymal stem cells for tissue repair

A

embryonic connective tissue

48
Q

loose connective tissue found in many parts of embryo, including the umbilical cord

(not found in adults)

A

mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly)

49
Q

contains many adipocytes (fat cells)

A

adipose tissue

50
Q

incapable of dividing in adults

A

adipose tissue

51
Q

mesenchymal cells around adipose tissue can divide and differentiate into adipocytes if there is chronic elevation of circulating lipids

A

true

52
Q

shrinks when nutrients are scarce, cell doesn’t die, can regain size when nutrients plentiful

A

adipose tissue

53
Q

2 types of adipose tissue

A

white fat

brown fat

54
Q

most common

stores fat

absorbs shock

slows heat loss (insulation)

A

white fat

55
Q

more vascularized, widespread in fetus and infants, only small amounts in adults

A

brown fat

56
Q

adipocytes have many mitochondria

A

brown fat

57
Q

when stimulated by nervous system, fat breakdown accelerates, releasing energy as heat

A

brown fat

58
Q

surrounding tissues absorbs heat to quickly warm circulating blood

A

brown fat

A & P (6 decks)

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