lesson 6- Pulmonary Ventilation and Circulation

Question 1

Hypoventilation

Answer 1

Reduced alveolar minute ventilation

Question 2

hyperventilation

Answer 2

Increased alveolar minute ventilation

Question 3

what is dead space

Answer 3

The volume of the airways that are ventilated but no gas exchange occurs

Question 4

types of Dead space

Answer 4

Anatomical dead space
Alveolar dead space

Question 5

Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 5

Conducting zone of the respiratory system without alveoli, ventilated but no gas exchange

Question 6

What is the Alveolar dead space

Answer 6

Non-perfused but ventilated alveolus

Question 7

Perfused Alveolus

Answer 7

An alveolus with pulmonary capillaries with blood flowing through it

Question 8

How do you approximate the volume of anatomical dead space in humans

Answer 8

it is approximately 2ml per kg after 6 years

Question 9

What factors affect Anatomical Dead space

Answer 9

Weight
Age
Posture
Position of jaw and neck

Question 10

How does the position of the jaw and neck affect Anatomical Dead Space

Answer 10

It increases the anatomical dead space but reduces airway resistance

Question 11

What is the Physiological Dead space

Answer 11

Both Anatomical And Alveolar dead space

Question 12

What is the formula for the alveolar minute ventilation

Answer 12

(Tidal Volume-dead space) x respiratory rate

Question 13

how does the pulmonary minute blood flow relate to the alveolar minute ventilation

Answer 13

They are approximately equal and well matched

Question 14

What is the diff. b/w pressure in Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Answer 14

Pressure in pulmonary circulation is far lower than the pressure in systemic circulation

Question 15

What is the diff. b/w resistance in Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Answer 15

Resistance in the systemic circulation is far greater than resistance in the pulmonary circulation

Question 16

How does Resistance relate to Pressure

Answer 16

Resistance and pressure are directly proportional

Question 17

What equation can you use to relate Resistance and pressure

Answer 17

V = IR
Where V is Pressure
I is flow

Question 18

What is the diff. b/w the blood flow in Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Answer 18

The blood flow in both Pulmonary and systemic circulations is approximately the same

Question 19

What is the diff. b/w capacity in Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation

Answer 19

Pulmonary circulation has a higher capacity than Systemic circulation

Question 20

How much blood is stored in the lungs

Answer 20

About 12% of the total blood volume

Question 21

how does the systemic circulation react to hypoxia

Answer 21

there is vasodilation to allow more oxygen-rich blood to reach the tissue

Question 22

how does the pulmonary circulation react to hypoxia

Answer 22

there is vasoconstriction to divert deoxygenated blood from the hypoxic alveolus, for more efficient oxygenation of blood

Question 23

What factors lead to increasing pulmonary vasorestriction(causing pulmonary vasoconstriction)

Answer 23

Decreased levels of alveolar partial pressure of oxygen
Increased alveolar partial pressure of CO2
Acidosis

Question 26

Passive factors that affect Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Answer 26

Cardiac output or pulmonary blood flow
Lung Volume
Gravity
Exercise

Question 27

What are the active factors that affect Pulmonary Vascular Resistance

Answer 27

Vasoconstrictors
Vasodilators