LESSON 6: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Question 1

“The principal goal of education is to create men
who are capable of doing new things, not simply of
repeating what other generations have done –
men who are creative, inventive and discoverers.”

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

This theory fueled other researches
and theories of development and learning. Its
focus is on how individuals construct
knowledge.

Answer 2

Cognitive Theory of Development

Question 3

His research method involved observing a small
number of individuals as they responded to cognitive
tasks that he designed.
* These tasks were later known as?

Answer 3

Piagetian Tasks

Question 4

Piaget called his general theoretical framework______

Answer 4

genetic epistemology

Question 5

Piaget used the term ____ to refer to the cognitive structure by which individuals intellectually
adapt to and organize their environment.

Answer 5

“schema”

Question 6

This is the process of fitting a new experience into an
existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema

Answer 6

ASSIMILATION

Question 7

This is the process of creating a new schema.

Answer 7

ACCOMMODATION

Question 8

it is achieving proper balance between
assimilation and accommodation.

Answer 8

Equilibration

Question 9

When our experiences do not match our schemata
(plural of schema) or cognitive structures, we
experience_____

Answer 9

cognitive disequilibrium.

Question 10

The first stage corresponds from birth to infancy.
* This is the stage when a child who is initially reflexive
in grasping, sucking and reaching becomes more
organized in his movement and activity

Answer 10

STAGE 1: SENSORI-MOTOR STAGE

Question 11

This is the ability of the child to
know that an object still exists even when out of
sight. This ability is attained in the sensory motor
stage.

Answer 11

Object Permanence

Question 12

The preoperational stage covers from about two to
seven years old, roughly corresponding to the
preschool years.
* Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature.
* At this stage, the child can now make mental
representations and is able to pretend, the child is
now ever closer to the use of symbols.

Answer 12

STAGE 2: PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE

Question 13

This is the ability to represent
objects and events. A symbol is a thing that
represents something else. A drawing, a written
word, or a spoken word comes to be understood as
representing a real object like a real MRT train.

Answer 13

Symbolic Function.

Question 14

This is the tendency of the child to only
see his point of view and to assume that everyone
also has his same point of view. The child cannot take
perspective for others. You see this in five year-old
boy who buys a toy truck for his mother’s birthday.
Or a three year old girl who cannot understand why
her cousins call her daddy “uncle” and not daddy.

Answer 14

Egocentrism.

Question 15

This refers to the tendency of the child to
only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and
exclude other aspects. For example, when a child is
presented with two identical glasses with the same
amount of water, the child will say they have the
same amount of water. However, once water from
one of the glasses is transferred to an obviously taller
but narrower glass, the child might say that there is
more water in the taller glass.

Answer 15

Centration.

Question 16

Pre-operational children still have the
inability to reverse their thinking. They can
understand that 2+3 is 5, but cannot understand that
5-3 is 2.

Answer 16

Irreversibility

Question 17

This is the tendency of children to attribute
humanlike traits or characteristics to inanimate
objects. When at night, the child is asked, where the
sun is, she will reply, “Mr. Sun is asleep.

Answer 17

Animism

Question 18

This refers to the preoperational child’s type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive. Reasoning appears to be
from particular to particular i.e., if A causes B, then B
causes A. For example, since her mommy comes
home everyday around six o’clock in the evening,
when asked why it is already night, the child will say,
“because my mom is already home.
”

Answer 18

Transductive Reasoning

Question 19

This stage is characterized by the ability of the child
to think logically but only in terms of concrete
objects.
* This covers approximately the ages between 8-11
years or the elementary school years.

Answer 19

STAGE 3: CONCRETE-OPERATIONAL STAGE

Question 20

This refers to the ability of the child to
perceive the different features of objects and
situations. No longer is the child focused or limited to
one aspect or dimension. This allows the child to be
more logical when dealing with concrete objects and
situations.

Answer 20

Decentering

Question 21

During the stage of concrete
operations, the child can now follow that certain
operations can be done in reverse.

Answer 21

Reversibility

Question 22

This is the ability to know that certain
properties of objects like number, mass, volume, or
area do not change even if there is a change in
appearance.

Answer 22

Conservation

Question 23

This refers to the ability to order or arrange
things in a series based on one dimension such as
weight, volume, or size.

Answer 23

Seriation

Question 24

In the final stage of formal operations covering ages
between 12 and 15 years, thinking becomes more
logical. They can now solve abstract problems and
can hypothesize.

Answer 24

STAGE 4: FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

Question 25

This is the ability to come up
with different hypothesis about a problem and to
gather and weigh data in order to make a final
decision or judgment. This can be done in the
absence of concrete objects. The individuals can now
deal with “What if” questions.

Answer 25

Hypothetical Reasoning.

Question 26

. This is the ability to perceive
the relationship in one instance and then use that
relationship to narrow down possible answers in
another similar situation or problem. The individual in
the formal operations stage can make an analogy. If
United Kingdom is to Europe, then Philippines is to
_____. The individual will reason that since the UK is
found in the continent of Europe then the Philippines
is found in what continent?

Answer 26

Analogical Reasoning