LESSON 6 - PEST IDENTIFICATION Flashcards
1) Met__
1)__ refers to the way insects develop, grow, and change in form.
Metamorphosis
Gradual Metamorphosis has __ life stages.
1) E__ 2) Ny__ 3) Ad__
Gradual Metamorphosis life stages include 1)__, 2)__, and 3)__.
1) Egg
2) Nymph
3) Adult
1) Wi__ 2) Sm__
A nymph resembles a full-grown adult EXCEPT it lacks 1)__ and is 2)__ than a full-size adult.
1) Wings
2) Smaller
Complete Metamorphosis has __ life stages.
Four
1) Pu__ 2) Ad__
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS life stages consist of egg, larva, 1)__, and 2)__.
1) Pupa
2) Adult
Why are Beneficials beneficial?
Beneficial insects feed on harmful ones.
1) Pr__ 2) Pa__
Beneficials insects fall into two categories: 1)__ and 2)__
1) Predators
2) Parasitoids
Predators kill and consume the __ insect pest.
Entire
1) Eg__ 2) Ha__
Parasitoids lay 1)__ inside the host insect, on the insect, or somewhere in the host 2)__. The eggs hatch into larvae that slowly feed on the pest.
1) Eggs
2) Habitat
1) Ce__ 2) Sa__
Piercing-Sucking Insects pierce the plant 1)__ and suck up plant 2)__ and fluid inside the cells.
1) Cell
2) Sap
1) So__ 2) Pe__
Aphids are 1)__-bodied 2)__ shaped insects.
1) Soft-Bodied
2) Pear
1) Co__ 2) Re__
Aphids distinguishing features include two short 1)__ or tubes extending from the 2)__ of the body.
1) Cornicles
2) Rear
Pi__
Aphids is a __-Sucking insect.
Piercing-Sucking Insect
Aphids excrete a large amount of unused plant sap called - __
Honeydew
Honeydew provides a good medium for the growth of sooty __ on the tops of leaves
Mold
1) Am__ Scales 2) So__ Scales 3) Me__bugs
Scales are divided into three groups:
1) __ scales
2) __ scales
3) __bugs
1) Armored Scales
2) Soft Scales
3) Mealybugs
Armored Scales secrete a __ covering over their bodies. – The scales live and feed under this covering
Waxy-Covering
Armored Scales offspring are called __
Crawlers
Fl__
Soft Scales secrete a waxy covering that looks like a thick - __ mass for protection and to enclose eggs.
Fluffy
Pr__
Mealybugs are soft-bodied and covered in powdery/cottony wax-like material.
Short wax __ extends from the margins of the body.
Projections
Whitefly Adults resemble tiny white __.
Moths
Whiteflies deposit eggs on the __ of leaves.
Undersides
Whiteflies secrete honeydew – resulting in sooty __ on plants.
Mold
Lacebugs are broad/flat insects that are __ in shape.
Rectangular
Lacebugs are gray or __ in color.
Brown
Lacebugs symptoms include skins, shiny black __ from excrement, brownish substances as protective coverings.
Stains
Thrips are small, elongate, and __ insects.
Cylindrical
Thrips produced __ or silvered leaves with necrotic spots.
Bleached
Thrips produce and leave behind varnishlike __ that collects on leaves.
Varnishlike Excrement
Spider Mites produce small __ spots on feeding sites.
Chlorotic
We__
Spider Mites causes the undersides of leaves to have silken __ spun across them.
Silken Webbing Spun across them.
Be__
Caterpillars produce frass (small dots of excrement) will be evident __ the affected leaves.
Beneath
Irr__
Grasshoppers produce an __ appearance on foliage.
Irregular
De__
Beetles have tough forewings that protect __ hindwings.
Delicate Hindwings
Beetles are under leaves, along stems, and __ the mulch surface.
Beneath the mulch surface
1) Mo__ 2) Be__
Borers are larvae of either 1)__ or 2)__.
1) Moths
2) Beetles
Wo__
Borers attack the trunk, stems, and barks of __ ornamental plants.
Woody
1) St__ 2) Ho__ 3) Sp__
Borers leave sap 1)__, 2)__ in bark, peeling or 3)__ bark areas.
1) Stains
2) Holes
3) Spongy
1) Fl__ 2) Be__ 3) Mo__
Leafminers are small larvae of 1)__, 2)__, or 3)__.
1) Flies
2) Beetles
3) Moths
Be__
Leafminers feed __ the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
Between
1) Tr__ 2) Bl__
Serpentine Leafminers leave winding 1)__ in leaves.
Blotch Leafminers produce a blotch or 2)__ on leaves.
1) Trails
2) Blisters
Tu__
Southern Chinch Bugs are Piercing-Sucking Insects that attack __.
Turfgrass
St.__
Southern Chinch Bug is the most important pest of __ Grass
St. Augistinegrass
1) Hi__ 2) Th__
Southern Chinch Bugs prefer 1)__ temperatures and 2)__ grass.
1) Higher
2) Thicker
SOUTHERN CHINCH BUGS symptoms are GROWING yellowish to brownish patches around 1)__ and poorly 2)__ areas.
1) Sidewalk
2) Irrigated
1) Ro__ 2) Sh__
Ground Pearls attach to 1)__ and enclose themselves in a globular 2)__.
1) Roots
2) Shells
The biggest sign of Ground Pearls is emptied - wax spherical __ of the insect.
Covering
Spittlebugs are black with 2 Orange Stripes across their __.
Wings
Spittlebug Nymphs are surrounded by a mass of white __ for protection.
Frothy Spittle
Sa__
Damage from spittlebugs is caused by the injection of toxic __ during feeding.
Toxic Saliva
1) Pu__ 2) Cu__
Spittlebug damage includes 1)__ colored streaks on grass and 2)__ yellowed blades.
1) Purple
2) Curled
Damage from Sod Webworms begins in small patches of __-clipped grass.
Short-clipped
Fall Armyworms grow into adult __
Moths
Fall Armyworms have a light-colored “__” on a dark head.
“Y”
Feeding for Fall Armyworms occurs over __ areas and not only in patches.
Large
__ Crickets are the most serious pest of turfgrass in Florida
Mole
Mole Crickets tunnel and feed on __.
Roots
White Grubs feed on __.
Roots
1) Su__ 2) Fa__
Damage from White Grubs is most pronounced during late 1)__ and early 2)__.
1) Summer
2) Fall
1) Cir__ 2) Ba__
Cutworm symptoms appear as 1)__ spots of dead grass or 2)__ marks that look like ball marks.
1) Circular
2) Ball
di__
Disease is a sustained __ of the plant cycle.
Disturbance
A pathogen is a __ causing agent.
Disease
1) Sus__ Ho__ 2) Co__ En__ 3) Pa__
What are the three components of the Disease Triangle?
1) Susceptible Host
2) Conductive Enviorment
3) Pathogen
1) Ch__ 2) Va__
Fungi lack 1)__ and 2)__ tissue.
1) Chlorophyll
2) Vascular
Saprophytes are fungi that decompose __ matter.
ORGANIC
What is the most common sign of fungal disease?
Leaf Spotting
Bacteria is __-shaped
Rod-Shaped
Bacteria move inside cells and __ cell walls so cell contents can be utilized.
Degrade
Viruses only multiply and survive in __ cells.
LIVING
Fungi or Algae does/does not contain chlorophyll?
Fungi - Does NOT
Algae - DOES
Sod Webworm larvae turn it into small tan to gray __.
Moths
1) De__ 2) So__
Mole Crickets reduce turfgrass 1)__ and leave patches of bare 2)__.
1) Density
2) Soil
White Grubs makes turf turn a __ color or produce dead spots due to lack of roots.
Yellowish
Cutworms 1)__ in the ground and emerge at 2)__ to chew on grass blades.
1) Burrow
2) Night
Hunting Billbugs have a __ looking apperance.
Weevil
Stems and Rhizomes have __ feeding marks and do not hold together when affected by Hunting Billbugs.
Hunting Billbugs
Fungi germinates and enters the host – __ then develops and extracts nutrients from plant cells.
Hyphae
1) Wo__ 2) Op__
Bacteria enters plants only through 1)__ or natural 2)__ in the plant.
1) Wounds
2) Openings
Viruses cause mosaic __ and streaking on leaves.
Patterns
1) Bl__ 2 Fu__
Algae appears as raised 1)__ or spots on leaf surfaces. Sometimes appear 2)__ or velvety.
1) Blotches
2) Fuzzy
1) Ba__ 2) Ph__
Phytoplasmas are 1)__ parasites that reside in plant 2)__ tissue.
1) Bacterial
2) Phloem
1) Ho__ 2) Ve__
Phytoplasms can only be maintained in plant 1)__ and insect 2)__.
1) Hosts
2) Vectors
1) Ca__ 2) Ap__
The clearest symptom when dealing with Phytoplasmas is yellowing or browning of the 1)__ and finally death of the 2)__ meristem.
1) Canopy
2) Apical
Ha__
A __ is an organ that penetrates the host and forms a vascular union between plants.
Haustorium
1) Fl__ 2) Se__
Parasitic Plants can produce 1)__ and reproduce by 2)__.
1) Flowers
2) Seeds
Ch__
Parasitic Plants can not produce their own __.
Chlorophyll
Blights are larger leaf __.
Spots
1) Tu__ 2) Ma__
Galls are 1)__ or 2)__.
1) Tumors
2) Masses
1) Su__ 2) St__
Cankers are 1)__ lesions must often found on 2)__.
1) Sunken
2) Stems
1) Wa__ 2) Gr__
Bacterial Infections produced a 1)__-soaked symptoms abnd take on a dark and 2)__ apperance.
1) Water-Soaked
2) Greasy
Rotting of Seedlings as they emerge from the soil is called __ Off.
Dropping Off
1) Mo__ 2) In__
Viral Infections results in a 1)__ on the color of leaves and shortened 2)__ that make the plant look squat.
1) Moltting
2) Internodes
1) St__ 2) En__
Nematoads use a 1)__ to peirce and inject 2)__ into the host cells before feeding on partially digested cell contents.
1) Stylet
2) Enzymes
Nematoads primarily infect __ function.
Root
Nematoads that feed outside the plant are called __ Nematoads.
Ectoparasitic
Nematoads that feed inside the plant are called __ Nematoads.
Endoparasitic
A key aboveground symptom of Nematoads is a faliure of the plant to respond normally to __ or other beneficial measures.
Fertilizers
1) Ro__ 2) Ga__
Belowground symptoms of Nematoads abnormally short or rotted 1)__ – and 2)__ caused by Root-Knot Nematoads.
1) Roots
2) Galls
__ is a weed classification that results in weed leaf blades having parallel veins that are long and alternate on each side of the stem.
Grasses
1) Tr__ 2) Th__
Sedges have 1)__ shaped stems and long leaves extending in 2)__ directions.
1) Triangular
2) Three
1) Va__ 2) Fl__
Broadleaves are highly 1)__ but do have showy 2)__ and net vegitation in leaves of varying shapes and sizes.
1) Variable
2) Flowers
