Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FNGLA - FCHP/FCLT > LESSON 3 - PLANT BIOLOGY > Flashcards

LESSON 3 - PLANT BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Higher or Lower?

Horticultural plants are often described as __ plants.

A

Higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ phytes

What is another name for a “vascular plant”?

A

Tracheophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are “higher” plants vascular OR nonvascular?

What are “lower” plants?

A

“Higher” plants are vascular.

“Lower” plants are nonvascular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do “lower” plants have true leaves, stems, or roots?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the FIRST step in the plant life cycle?

A

Seed is formed in a flower or cone and placed in an enviormentally friendly condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

__ begins - resulting in cell growth and division

What is the SECOND step in the plant life cycle?

A

Mitosis begins - resulting in cell division and plant growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

__ will emerge and grow __.

What is the THIRD step in the plant life cycle?

A

Roots will emerge and grow downward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__ will emerge and grow __.

What is the FOURTH step in the plant life cycle?

A

Shoot will emerge and grow upwards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LAST Step

What is the FITH step in the plant life cycle?

A

Vegitation/Flowers/Size of plant blossoms and grows.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organells are embedded in a cell within a soft jelly known as __.

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the organells and the cytoplasm contained in a __.

A

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Cell Membrane is __ permeable.

Meaning What?

A

Semi-permeable.

Controls the passage of liquids, gasses, and solids into the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell __

What is the outer-most layer of a plant cell?

What is its purpose?

A

Supports the plant - makes it rigid for it to grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is DNA packed in?

A

Chromosones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the chromosones packed in?

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does Mitosis reproduce the exact - nearly 100% match to the original?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tips of __ and __. KNOWN AS MERISTEM

Where does mitosis occur in plants?

A

Tips of shoots and roots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does PRIMARY growth and elongation occur?

A

Meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does a monocot or a dicot ONLY have a cambium?

A

Dicot Plants Only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Areas where __ division and __ take place.

What is the definition of Meristematic Areas of a plant

A

Regions of the plant where cell division and growth can take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The tips of __ and __.

What is considered the Meristem?

A

The tips of shoots and roots.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

1) __ (in dicots only) 2) __ of a seed.

What are 2 other meristematic areas in a cell?

A

1) Cambium (in dicots only)
2) Embryo of a seed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

__ reproduction

What does the Meiosis process involve?

A

Sexual Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What results from meiosis?

A

4 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

They produce a new/same? variation of the plant.

What happens when 2 daughter cells (one male/one female) combine?

A

They produce a completely new variation of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

XY__ and PH__

What are the 2 types of vascular tissue?

A

1) XYLEM
2) PHLOEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is transported through the XYLEM tissue?

A

Water and Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is transported to the PHLOEM tissues?

A

Photosynthetic products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the vascular system of a monocot look like?

A

Vascular bundles distributed in irregular patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Vascular C__

Where is vascular tissue formed in dicots?

A

Vascular Cambium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

1) S___ 2) H___

1) What is new XYLEM in a tree trunk called?
2) What is OLD xylem called?

A

1) Sapwood
2) Heartwood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does new PHLOEM form?

A

Bark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

No __ of the stem diameter

Since there is no vascular cambium in monocots - what happens to the plant?

A

No annual enlargment of the stem diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

1) __ THE PLANT 2) __ WATER AND NUTRIENTS 3) __ EXCESS FOOD AND WATER

What are the purposes of the root system?

(3)

A

1) Anchor the plant
2) Absorb water and nutrients
3) Store excess food for future needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

1) Root Comparison – 2) Root Growth

What are the differences between a tap root vs. a fibrous root?

(2)

A

1) Tap Root - 1 to 2 rapidly growing MAIN/Non-Branching roots
* Fibrous* Root - Highly branched/fiberlike roots
2) Tap Root - Roots grow straight down into the soil to draw on deep resources.
* Fibrous* Root - Grow relativley close to soil surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

SOIL CONDITIONS

What soil conditions lead to Tap vs. Fibrous roots being grounded?

A

Fibrous - Wet Surface

Tap - Dry Surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What protects root tip/meristem?

A

Root Cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are root hairs?

A

Extensions of an induvidual root cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

…__ – Allowing intake of more water.

What is the benefit of root hairs?

A

Increase the absorbing surface area of root system – allowing the intake of more water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Water moves into root hairs through the process of __?

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Moving from high concentration to lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Water gained by Osmosis helps a plant stay Turgid. – What is Turgid?

A

Firm or Strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is Girdling?

A

Roots begin to grow around main stem of tree - constricting supply of water and nutrients to the tree.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Food __

What are tuberous roots best adapted for?

A

Food Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Extra __

What is the purpose of prop/brace roots?

A

Extra anchorage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the purpose of aerial roots?

A

Climbing and Attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

1) Where do Adventitous Roots form?
2) What hormone controls the growth of these roots?

A

1) On organs other than roots.
2) Auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Stems bear leaves and buds at postions called __?

A

Nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the portion of a stem between 2 nodes called?

A

Internode

50
Q

Where is the terminal bud located?

A

At the END of the stem.

51
Q

Auxillary Buds form at __ axils.

A

Leaf

52
Q

Where the __ attaches to the nodes.

What are leaf axils?

A

Where the leaves attach to the nodes.

53
Q

Bud __

What are “small modified leaves that cover and protect buds” called?

A

Bud Scales

54
Q

Su__,Tr__,St__

What are the THREE main functions of stems?

A

1) Support
2) Tranport water and nutrient to leaves
3) Food Storage

55
Q

Herbaceous

“Many __ have some kind of modified stem to help them adapt to their enviorment.”

A

Herbaceous Perennials

56
Q

What is a Rhizome?

A

HORIZONTAL underground plant stem capable of producing the shoot and root systems of new plants.

57
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Rhizomes

58
Q

What are Stolons?

A

A horizontal runner that goes above ground and produces roots to form new plants.

59
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Stolons

60
Q

What is a Tuber?

A

Enlarged underground stem that stores nutrients to survive the winter or dry months.

61
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

A tuber.

62
Q

1) __ stems with __ orientation

1) What are Corms?
2) What do they do?

A

1) Underground stems with VERTICAL orientation.
2) Underground Storage

63
Q

1) What are Bulbs?
2) What are they for?

A

1) Underground stems with layers of storage leaves.
2) Underground Storage

64
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Bulbs

65
Q

Identify the parts of the leaf.

A

1) Leaf Apex
2) Leaf Margin
3) Leaf Veins
4) Midrib
5) Leaf Base
6) Petiole
7) Stiples

66
Q

What are Sessiles?

A

Leaves that are directly attached to the stem without a petiole.

67
Q

What is this a picture of?

A

Sessile

68
Q

What is Pinnate Venation?

A

Signle main midrib running the length of the leaf with samller lateral veins branching off.

69
Q

What is this picture an example of?

A

Parallel Venation

70
Q

What is this an example of?

A

Pinnate Venation

71
Q

What is Palmate Venation?

A

Several principle veins that orginiate from the base of the leaf blade

72
Q

What is this an example of?

A

Palmate Venation

73
Q

Parallel Venation typically occurs in __cots.

A

monocots

74
Q

Pinnate and Palmate venation typically occurs in __cots.

A

Bicots

75
Q

Relates to Leaves

What does deciduous mean?

A

Plants that lose their leaves in colder climate.

76
Q

What does “evergreen” quality mean?

A

The plant can still photosynthesize during the winter.

77
Q

How do you determine that a leaf is a “simple” leaf?

A

A simple leaf has only one leaf following an auxillary bud.

78
Q

How do you determine that a leaf is a “compound” leaf?

A

Multiple leaflets attached following only one auxillary bud.

79
Q

What is net venation?

A

One or more prominent leaves and a meshed networking of veins

80
Q

1) Palmatley Compound Leaves looks like a __. Comprised of leaflets attached at the __ meeting point. 2) Pinnatley Compound Leaves look like leaflets attached to a long __ (also called a __) - the __ merges with the petiole at the base of the leaf.

How do you distinguish Palmatley Compound Leaves vs. Pinnatley Compound Leaves?

1) Palmatley Compound Leaves
2) Pinnatley Compound Leaves

A

1) Palmatley Compound Leaves looks like a pinwheel. Comprised of leaflets attached at the same meeting point.
2) Pinnatley Compound Leaves look like leaflets attached to a long spine (also called a rachis) - the rachis merges with the petiole at the base of the leaf.

81
Q

E__,S__

Alternate Leaves alternate on __ side of the __.

A

Alternate Leaves alternate on EACH side of the STEM.

82
Q

Opposite leaf arrangements are two leaves that arise at __ points.

A

SAME points

83
Q

3 or more leaves connected at a single node is classified as a __ leaf arrangement.

A

Whorled Leaf Arrangement

84
Q

What is a “crownshaft”?

A

Leaf bases that are attached so tight they form a smooth waxy structure.

85
Q

What are palms with rings called?

A

“Self-Cleaning” Palms

86
Q

__-base scars where __ leaves pull away from the __.

What are the rings on Palm Trees from?

A

Leaf-Base Scars - where old leaves die and pull away from the crownshaft.

87
Q

In Costapalmate Leaves the __ extends further into the __.

What is the difference between Palmate and Costapalmate Palm Leaves

A

In Costapalmate leaves the petiole extends further into the blade

88
Q

What distinguishes a Bipinately Compound Palm?

A

There is a second set of pinnately compound leaflets branching from the first set of pinnately compound leaflets

89
Q

__ are the sexual reproductive structures of a majority of higher plants.

A

Flowers

90
Q

1) __ leaves to protect __ buds 2) C__

1) What are the sepals as it relates to flowers?
2) Collective sepals = ?

A

1) Modified leaves to protect unopened buds.
2) Calyx

91
Q

Flower Corolla = ?

A

Collective Petals

92
Q

What are the male reproductive organs of a flower called?

A

STAMENS

93
Q

What are the female reproductive organs of a flower called?

A

Pistils

94
Q

An__ and Fi__

What 2 parts does the stamen consist of?

What do each of the 2 parts do?

A

1) Anther - Holds the pollen
2) Filament - Supports/Holds up the Anther

95
Q

What are the 3 parts of the female Pistils?

What are their roles?

A

1) Stigma - Sticky receptive surface that grabs the pollen.
2) Style - Elevates the Stigma
3) Ovary - Holds the ovule to be pollenated.

96
Q

Se_, Pe__, St__, Pi__

What does a complete flower consist of?

(4 Parts)

A

1) Sepals
2) Petals
3) Stamens
4) Pistil

97
Q

What is the definition of an incomplete flower?

A

A flower that lacks any of the 4 parts that make up a complete flower.

98
Q

Flowers that have AT LEAST male and female reproductive parts is called a __.

A

Perfect Flower

99
Q

Flowers that only have Male OR Female parts is called a __ flower.

A

Imperfect Flowers

100
Q

What is the difference between pollination vs. fertilization?

A

Pollination - When pollen grains become stuck to the stigma

Fertilization - When sperm and ovule unite

101
Q

1) Sta__ 2) Sti__ 3) Sti__ 4) Tu__ 5) Ov__

Pollen is attached from the 1) __ to the 2) __ - Fluid from the 3)__ is absorbed by pollen to form a pollen 4)__ which delivers sperm to 5)__.

A

Pollen is attached from the Stamen to the Stigma - Fluid from the Stigma is absorbed by pollen to form a pollen tube which delivers sperm to ovule.

102
Q

What does it mean when a flower is “self-fertile”?

A

Plants that are able to use thier own pollen to fertilize.

103
Q

What does it mean when a flower is “self-pollination”?

A

Pollen transferred from the anthers of a flower to the sigma of the same flower or to the stigmas of flowers on the same plant.

104
Q

An inflorescense is a __ of flowers

A

Cluster of flowers.

105
Q

Bracts are __ leaves beneath __ that are often colored.

A

Bracts are modified leaves beneath flowers that are often colored.

106
Q

A 1)__ is a seed container that develops from the ovary of a flower.

1)__ are products of flowers.

A

1) Fruit

107
Q

1) Fl__ 2) So__

A 1) __ fruit is a increasingly fleshy and 2) __ as the time for seed dispersal approaches.

A

1) Fleshy
2) Soft

108
Q

Dry Fruits have __ to __ pulp.

A

Little to No Pulp

109
Q

1) __hiscent and __hiscent

What are the two types of dry fruit?

A

1) Dehiscent
2) Indehiscent

110
Q

1) Dehiscent dry fruit __ at maturity.
2) Indehiscent dry fruit __ at maturity.

A

1) Opens
2) Remains Closed

111
Q

A __ fruit develops from a single ovary.

A

Simple

112
Q

An __ fruit developes from several ovaries in a multi-pistillate flower.

A

Aggregate Fruit

113
Q

__ fruit forms from the ovaries of several different flowers within an inflorescence.

A

Multiple Fruit

114
Q

Where does Photosynthesis Happen?

A

In the Chloroplasts.

115
Q

What does photosynthesis use to manufacture raw sugar.

(3)

A

1) Sunlight
2) CO2
3) H20

116
Q

1) What are the 2 elements that is used during Respiration?
2) What is the product?

A

1) Sugar and Oxygen
2) ATP usable by the plant

117
Q

1) Loss of __ through specialized openings. 2) St__

1) What is the process of Transpiration?
2) What are the openings called?

A

1) Loss of water through specialized openings.
2) Stomata

118
Q

Stomatas are opened by __ cells.

A

Guard Cells

119
Q

1) Mi__ movement 2) Su__ movement 3) Co__ 4) Tu__

What are the 4 purposes of Transpiration?

A

1) Mineral Movement
2) Sugar Movement
3) Cooling
4) Turgor

120
Q

Grow __ in first season and __ and __ formation in the second season – followed by plant __.

What is the process for Biennials?

A

Grow vegetatively in the first seson and flowering and seed formation in the second season followed by plant death.

121
Q

Perennials __ the cycle of vegetative growth and flowering for an __ period of time.

What is the process for Perennials?

A

Perennials continue the cycle of vegetative growth and flowering for an indeterminate period of time.

122
Q

A Taxon represents a group of real biological objects that have a set of __.

What is a taxon?

A

A Taxon represents a group of real biological objects having a set of common features.

FNGLA - FCHP/FCLT (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions