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Russia Unit 2 > Lesson 6-How successful was the economic recovery of the Soviet Union after the Second World War? > Flashcards

Lesson 6-How successful was the economic recovery of the Soviet Union after the Second World War? Flashcards

1
Q

What factors helped Russia win the war?

A

Centralisation of the economy

Re-location of factories

Increase in industrial output

Imports from other countries under Lend-lease

Conscription of men

Requisitioning of animals

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2
Q

What are the 4 things through which Stalin reconstructed Russia?

A

Fourth FYP

Fifth FYP

Prestige projects

Agriculture

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3
Q

Define ‘The Cold War’.

A

Term given to the deterioration in relations between the USSR and the West, led by the USA and Britain.

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4
Q

Between what years did the USA’s and Britain’s war-time alliance break down?

A

1945-1949

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5
Q

Until what year did the Cold War continue?

A

1991

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6
Q

What are some of Stalin’s prestige projects?

A

Dnieper Dam

White Sea Canal

Volga-Don Canal

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7
Q

When was the German invasion of the Soviet Union?

A

22nd June 1941

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8
Q

What did the Stalinist system prove to be effective in doing for the war?

A

Mobilising

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9
Q

How did the Stalinist system prove to be effective in mobilising for the war?

A

Factories turned to producing war materials and were evacuated to safer areas away from German invasions.

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10
Q

Despite initial collapse in industrial output, production rose impressively after 1941.
True or false?

A

True

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11
Q

Between 1943 and 1945, how many tanks and aircrafts were produced?

A

73,000 tanks
94,000 aircraft

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12
Q

During the war, what product was imported from Britain with inferred payment (will pay later)?

A

Spam

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13
Q

During the war, the production of consumer goods increased greatly.
True or false?

A

False-It became virtually non-existent.

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14
Q

By the end of the war, what had damage in Nazi-occupied areas reduced?

A

Overall production e.g., in steel, oil and wool

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15
Q

What had steel production fallen to in 1945 compared to 1940?

A

1940 = 18 million tonnes produced

1945 = 12 million tonnes produced

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16
Q

What percentage of wool was being produced after the war in comparison to in 1940?

A

Less than half of the wool produced in 1940 was being produced after the war

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17
Q

How much oil was being produced after the war?

A

Less than 2/3 of the amount in 1940

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18
Q

Why was agricultural production reduced during the war?

A

Most able bodied farmers were being conscripted into the army.
Farm machinery and draft animals were requisitioned by the Red Army.

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19
Q

What did grain production fall to in 1942 compared to in 1940?

A

1940 = 95 million tonnes
1942 = 30 million tonnes

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20
Q

What happened to the number of cattle during the war?

A

It halved

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21
Q

During the war, what did the government do as a result of the decrease in agricultural production?

A

Lifted restrictions on the cultivation (farming) of private plots to provide incentives to peasants to keep up production.

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22
Q

By the end of the war, what happened to the Western part of the USSR?

A

It was devastated-people were homeless & towns and villages were classified as ‘destroyed’.

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23
Q

By the end of the war, how many people in the Western part of the USSR were homeless?

A

25 million

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24
Q

By the end of the war, how many of the villages and towns in the Western part of the USSR were classified as ‘destroyed’?

A

1700 towns
70,000 villages

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25
Q

Between what years was the Fourth FYP?

A

1946-50

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26
Q

What was the focus of the Fourth FYP?

A

Economic reconstruction-restore economy to pre-war levels
(massive undertaking in so short a time)

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27
Q

During the Fourth FYP, what happened to the factories that had been converted for war material production?

A

Converted back to civilian production

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28
Q

During the Fourth FYP, what needed to happen to large industrial plants?

A

Needed to be rebuilt

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29
Q

What was the shattered economy made difficult because of?

A

The end of Lend-Lease

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30
Q

During the Fourth FYP who did the USSR exploit control over?

A

Eastern Europe e.g., Poland, Latvia, Czechoslovakia

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31
Q

What was taken from Eastern Germany as reparations to the USSR, during the Fourth FYP?

A

Large amounts of machinery

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32
Q

What happened to the large amounts of machinery taken from eastern Germany as reparations?

A

Was unusable once transported to the USSR

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33
Q

Key facts about trade agreements signed with new Soviet-dominated governments of Eastern Europe during the Fourth FYP.

A

Were so one sided to the advantage of the USSR that they amounted to little more than economic exploitation

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34
Q

What was economic reconstruction to be based largely on?

A

The efforts of the Soviet people using Soviet resources

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35
Q

How was industrial production able to recover quickly during the Fourth FYP?

A

Done using over 2 million slave labourers from the Gulag

36
Q

What was an important part of the progress of the Fourth FYP?

A

Strong central planning by the government

37
Q

What were retraining programmes effective at ensuring?

A

Workers had the basic skills needed for the jobs now in demand.

38
Q

During the Fourth FYP, penalties for slackers were softened.
True or false.

A

False-They remained harsh.

39
Q

What was there focus on during the economic reconstruction of the Fourth FYP?

A

Heavy industry, especially w/production of armaments (weaponry)

40
Q

What areas were especially successfully due to the Fourth FYP?

A

Metal industry and heavy engineering

41
Q

What remained neglected during the Fourth FYP?

A

Consumer goods

42
Q

What did the Fourth FYP fail to develop?

A

New technology e.g., plastics and chemicals

43
Q

Between what years was the Fifth FYP?

A

1951-55

44
Q

What did the Fifth FYP set out to achieve?

A

Continued growth

45
Q

During the Fifth FYP, what did the Cold War result in?

A

An increase in arms (weaponry) expenditure, as the military budget increased year on year (at the cost of human goods).

46
Q

During the Fifth FYP, growth in industries, apart from the military, were less impressive.
True or false?

A

True

47
Q

During the Fifth FYP, where were large amount of resources diverted?

A

The building of grandiose (grand) projects which had limited economic value.

48
Q

What did the Volga-Don Canal project result in?

A

A canal that carried very little traffic and one which had statues of Stalin.

49
Q

What were the resources which could have been used to rebuild homes used for instead?

A

The building of large government buildings in Moscow

50
Q

From what year, after the war, did living standards in towns begin to recover?

A

1948

51
Q

During the Fifth FYP, price reductions did what?

A

Eased conditions

52
Q

During the Fifth FYP, in 1952, what year did real wages for urban workers reach the level of?

A

1928

53
Q

During the Fifth FYP, what area recovered a lot slower after the war?

A

Countryside

54
Q

What did the ‘Link system’ give peasants responsibility for during the war?

A

Areas within the collective farm

55
Q

As a result of the ‘Link system’, what could peasants do as long as the target for the state was met?

A

Could keep the remainder of profit

56
Q

After the war, what happened to the ‘Link system’?

A

Was abolished

57
Q

Agricultural production remain low after the war and labour problems continued.
True or false?

A

True

58
Q

Why did the imbalance of sexes become more pronounced?

A

More able males moved into towns

59
Q

Due to the imbalance of sexes, what was it common to see in villages even as late as 1950?

A

Villages of women and children

60
Q

What thing made agriculture worse after the war?

A

1946 drought

61
Q

When was there a famine in parts of Ukraine?

A

1947

62
Q

When was the grain production figure below that of 1940?

A

1952

63
Q

After the war, productivity was lower than it had been in what year?

A

1913

64
Q

After the war, what did Stalin appoint Khrushchev as?

A

Party Secretary for the Moscow province

65
Q

After appointing Khrushchev as Party Secretary of the Moscow province, what did Stalin want to do to collectives?

A

Make them larger.

66
Q

Why did Stalin want to make collectives larger?

A

To make large scale machinery easier

67
Q

Although unpopular, how many larger collectives were there in 1952?

A

100,000

68
Q

Plan of utilising large areas of semi-desert regions by planting them with trees was successful.
True or false?

A

False-plan came to nothing when the trees died.

69
Q

When did the construction of the Dnieper Dam begin?

A

1927

70
Q

When did the Dnieper Dam begin producing electricity?

A

1932

71
Q

At the time of the Dnieper Dam’s completion, it was the biggest dam in Europe.
True or false?

A

True

72
Q

What did the Dnieper Dam provide power for?

A

Steel and aluminium industries in the surrounding area.

73
Q

Through what, was the Dnieper Dam project publicised?

A

Propaganda posters

74
Q

Despite requiring large amounts of valuable resources for its construction, the Dnieper Dam was of no economic benefit.
True or false?

A

False-It was of considerable benefit, despite the large amounts of resources needed.

75
Q

Between what years was the White Sea Canal constructed?

A

1931-33

76
Q

How many miles long was the White Sea Canal?

A

141 miles

77
Q

What 2 things did the White Sea Canal link?

A

Leningrad to the White Sea

78
Q

How many slave labourers from the Gulag were estimated to be used for the construction of the White Sea Canal?

A

180,000

79
Q

How much of the 180,000 slave labourers used for the White Sea Canal died in the process of its construction?

A

About 10,000

80
Q

Despite the huge human loss, what did Stalin praise the White Sea Canal for?

A

Being a huge success
Being completed under budget
Being completed in less than 2 years

81
Q

In the rush to cut costs, what happened to the White Sea Canal?

A

It was not dug deep enough to prevent it icing over during the winter months.

82
Q

What was the Volga-Don Canal a key project of?

A

Fifth FYP

83
Q

What encouraged the slave labourers of the Volga-Don Canal to work hard on the scheme?

A

They were told that 1 day working on the project would reduce their prison sentence by 3 days.

84
Q

What did the Volga-Don Canal illustrate?

A

Growing obsession of Stalin with gigantism at the expense of the practical use.

85
Q

Why did the Volga-Don Canal carry little traffic?

A

It was located where, of personality (characteristics), it reached absurd heights after the Second World War.

86
Q

What would have had a much greater economic benefit over the Volga-Don Canal?

A

Investment in rail transport

87
Q

Between what dates was WW2?

A

1 Sept 1939 – 2 Sept 1945

Russia Unit 2 (7 decks)

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