Lesson 6 Clostridium species Flashcards
Species resistant to C. tetani:
carnivores
Endospores of C. tetani are killed by autoclaving with temperature of:
121 degree celcius for 15 mins
Produced by C. tetani that hasten the replication of the clostridial organisms in tissues
tetanolysin
The neurotoxin responsible for the clinical signs of tetanus
tetanospamin
Which Clostridial species is manifested by stiffness, localized spasms, altered heart and respiratory rates, dysphagia and altered facial expression?
Tetanus
incubation period of tetanus
5 - 10 days
Does recovery from tetanus confer immunity?
No, it does not confer immunity due to below minimum amount of toxin required to stimulate the production of
neutralizing antibodies.
Non motile Clostridium species
Clostridium perfringens
Neurotoxic clostridia
C. tetani, C. botulinum
Atypical clostridial organism
C. piliforme
straight, slender, anaerobic, gram positive rod with spherical endospores giving drumstick appearance to sporulated organisms
Clostridium tetani
infective stage of Clostridium tetani
endospores
An anaerobic Gram-positive rod that produces oval, subterminal endospores and intoxication is through ingestion of its pre-formed neurotoxin:
Clostridium botulinum
How many neurotoxins are produced by C. botulinum:
7
Spores of C. botulinum is introduced through injection of?
Subcutaneous injection of drugs
These species cause the most common outbreaks of botulism in domestic animals
Clostridium botulinum types C and D
These animals are resistance to neurotoxins of botulinum
pigs and dogs
gram positive bacteria with oval, subterminal endospores
C. botulinum
Botulism is rare in these animals?
Domestic cats
effecive in neutralizing unbound toxin of botulinum in early course of disease
polyvalent antiserum
Birds affected by Clostridium tetani show progressive ____ _____ which initially affects legs and wings.
flaccid paralysis
treat botulinum via enhance transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions
tetraethylamide, guanidine
What is the causative agent of blackleg?
Clostridium chauvoei
Blackleg typically affects what age of cattle
3 months to 2 years old
Mechanism of blackleg infection in cattle:
Endogenous
Blackleg in sheep occurs in any age. Identify the mechanism of infection:
Exogenous
Which Clostridial species are most commonly implicated in malignant edema?
C. septicum
Which Clostridial species are most commonly implicated in gas gangrene?
C. perfringens type A
C. perfringens type A most likely cause this condition
gas gangrene
A ram infected with Clostridial species manifested the disease by edematous swelling of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck, and cranial thorax. This condition is termed as:
Big head
This disease cause death primarily by gangrenous cellulitis and myositis due to exotoxins:
Blackleg
Causative agent of braxy or abomasitis in sheep which occurs in winter periods:
Clostridium septicum
Known as black disease which relates to dark discoloration of the skin observed at post-mortem examination
infectious necrotic hepatitis
Causative agent of black disease:
Clostridium novyi type B
Infectious necrotic hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B maybe associated with which parasitic worm disease?
Acute fasciolosis
The causative agent of bacillary haemoglobinuria
C. haemolyticum
Major clinical feature of disease caused by C. haemolyticum
haemoglobinuria
technique used to demonstrate C. novyi type B in specimens from liver lesions
fluorescent antibody technique
phospholipase produced by vegetative cells of C. haemolyticum that causes intravascular haemolysis in addition to hepatic necrosis
alpha toxin
The causative agent of lamb dysentery
C. perfringens type B
sensitive to trypsin digestion
beta toxin of C. perfringens type B
Disease caused by C. chauvoei
Blackleg in cattle and sheep
Diseases caused by C. septicum in cattle, sheep, and pigs:
Cattle, sheep, pigs - Malignant edema
Sheep - abomasitis
Disease caused by C. novyi type A
Big head in rams, wound infection
Disease caused by C. haemolyticum
Bacillary haemoglobinuria
Disease caused by C> novyi type B
infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease)
Disease caused by C. sordelii in cattle, sheep and horses
Myositis
Disease caused by C. sordelii in lambs
Abomasitis
Which clostridial species causes gangrenous dermatitis in chickens?
Clostridim perfringens Type A
toxin by C. perfringens type B which is sensitive to trypsin digestion
beta toxin of C. perfringens type B
Which clostridial species cause hemorrhagic enteritis in calves and enteritis in rabbits?
C. perfringens type E
Which clostridial species cause pulpy kidney in sheep?
C. perfringens type D
Which clostridial species cause “struck” in adult sheep?
Clostridium perfringens Type C
Which disease has a predisposing factor of
overeating of high grain diet, high starch content?
Pulpy kidney disease
This disease occurs in sheep at pasture, manifest as sudden death sometimes with terminal convulsions, caused by y C. perfringens type C:
Struck
An important virulence factor of necrotic enteritis strains
NetB
Which Clostridial species cause chronic diarrhea in dogs and hemorrhagic enterocolitis in horses?
Clostridium difficile
Reported pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile in dogs
Chronic diarrhea
Reported pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile in newborn foals:
Hemorrhagic enterocolitis
Causative agent for enteritis in quails, turkeys, chickens, pheasants, grouse with 100 percent mortality in quails
Clostridium colinum
A disease with a predisposing factor of oral administration of antibiotics and low fiber diets
Infection with Clostridium spiroforme
A clostridial organism with atypical
coiled morphology, has been implicated in spontaneous and antibiotic-induced
enteritis in rabbits.
Clostridium spiroforme
Disease caused by infection with Clostridium piliforme
Tyzzers disease
technique used for tyzzers disease
Warthin starry silver impregntion technique
Localized spasms of masticatory muscles due to C. tetani may lead to this known condition:
Lockjaw
Muscle stiffness caused by C. tetani can result to this know condition in horses:
Saw horse stance
Clostridium piliforme is formerly known as:
Bacillus piliformis
