Lesson 6-Classical Conditioning Flashcards
In Classical Conditioning, what is Stimulus Generalization?
When items with similar characteristics to the CS elicits a CR.
What experiment is used as a classic example for Stimulus Generalization?
Watson’s experiment with baby Albert B.
Albert was in an …
orphanage.
In a classical conditioning experiment, Watson used a ______ as the ______
to elicit a startle response.
loud noise; US
Watson attempted to pair the loud noise with the presentation of a _______________ as the __________.
white rat; NS/CS
To be effective, which had to be presented first (loud noise or white rat)?
the NS (the white rat)
What happened after the white rat was paired with the loud noise?
The presentation of the white rat would elicit the CR (startle response; fear & anxiety)
Albert B. also elicited a CR to other items that were ____________ to the CS.
similar
What are examples of stimulus items that Albert may have generalized to?
- a white rabbit
- Santa Clause face with a white beard
- any white furry object
Stimulus Generalization always occurs from the …
NS/CS.
Stimulus Generalization occurs _________ and does not require …
automatically; scientists to pair stimuli.
What happened to little Albert B.?
He was transferred out of the orphanage and the scientists never had a chance to extinguish the learned behavior.
Higher Order Conditioning is _________. It involves __________.
deliberate; pairing
What is Higher Order Conditioning?
When NS is paired with a CS, it elicits a CR.
As an example of higher order conditioning in Pavlov’s experiment, the tone could be paired with a …
light.
The dog now learns to ___________ to the light.
salivate
What is the sequence of pairing to bring about higher order conditioning?
NS/CS2 (light) must be presented before CS1 (tone).
In higher order conditioning, which stimulus will elicit a stronger response (i.e. dog’s will salivate more to)?
CR1 is stronger than CR2. (tone produces stronger response than light)
As you continue in higher order conditioning, each subsequent CS produces a _________ response.
weaker
What is the difference between stimulus generalization and higher order conditioning.
Stimulus generalization occurs automatically; higher order conditioning involves deliberate pairing by the scientists.
What is another difference between stimulus generalization and higher order conditioning.
In stimulus generalization, the stimuli have similar characteristics. In higher order conditioning they are paired based on contiguity and especially contingency.
