Lesson 6-Classical Conditioning

Question 1

In Classical Conditioning, what is Stimulus Generalization?

Answer 1

When items with similar characteristics to the CS elicits a CR.

Question 2

What experiment is used as a classic example for Stimulus Generalization?

Answer 2

Watson’s experiment with baby Albert B.

Question 3

Albert was in an …

Answer 3

orphanage.

Question 4

In a classical conditioning experiment, Watson used a ______ as the ______
to elicit a startle response.

Answer 4

loud noise; US

Question 5

Watson attempted to pair the loud noise with the presentation of a _______________ as the __________.

Answer 5

white rat; NS/CS

Question 6

To be effective, which had to be presented first (loud noise or white rat)?

Answer 6

the NS (the white rat)

Question 7

What happened after the white rat was paired with the loud noise?

Answer 7

The presentation of the white rat would elicit the CR (startle response; fear & anxiety)

Question 8

Albert B. also elicited a CR to other items that were ____________ to the CS.

Answer 8

similar

Question 9

What are examples of stimulus items that Albert may have generalized to?

Answer 9

• a white rabbit
• Santa Clause face with a white beard
• any white furry object

Question 10

Stimulus Generalization always occurs from the …

Answer 10

NS/CS.

Question 11

Stimulus Generalization occurs _________ and does not require …

Answer 11

automatically; scientists to pair stimuli.

Question 12

What happened to little Albert B.?

Answer 12

He was transferred out of the orphanage and the scientists never had a chance to extinguish the learned behavior.

Question 13

Higher Order Conditioning is _________. It involves __________.

Answer 13

deliberate; pairing

Question 14

What is Higher Order Conditioning?

Answer 14

When NS is paired with a CS, it elicits a CR.

Question 15

As an example of higher order conditioning in Pavlov’s experiment, the tone could be paired with a …

Answer 15

light.

Question 16

The dog now learns to ___________ to the light.

Answer 16

salivate

Question 17

What is the sequence of pairing to bring about higher order conditioning?

Answer 17

NS/CS2 (light) must be presented before CS1 (tone).

Question 18

In higher order conditioning, which stimulus will elicit a stronger response (i.e. dog’s will salivate more to)?

Answer 18

CR1 is stronger than CR2. (tone produces stronger response than light)

Question 19

As you continue in higher order conditioning, each subsequent CS produces a _________ response.

Answer 19

weaker

Question 20

What is the difference between stimulus generalization and higher order conditioning.

Answer 20

Stimulus generalization occurs automatically; higher order conditioning involves deliberate pairing by the scientists.

Question 21

What is another difference between stimulus generalization and higher order conditioning.

Answer 21

In stimulus generalization, the stimuli have similar characteristics. In higher order conditioning they are paired based on contiguity and especially contingency.