Lesson 3-Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Automatic responses are also called _____________ responses.
involuntary
Automatic responses do not require _____________ effort.
voluntary
Automatic responses are associated with what type of conditioning?
Classical Conditioning
What terms are interchangeable with “classical conditioning”?
- Respondent Conditioning
- Stimulus-Response Conditioning
- Pavlovian Conditioning
Why can Classical Conditioning be called Pavlovian conditioning?
Because it is based on research conducted by Ivan Pavlov.
Who is another researcher whose work forms the foundation of classical conditioning?
John B. Watson
Pavlov was originally researching …
reflexes.
A reflex happens …
automatically.
Pavlov specifically described __________ reflexes.
S-R (stimulus-response)
A stimulus is the ___________ that leads to the response which is the _____________.
input; output
Reflexes (responses to stimuli) that occur without being learned, or paired, are called ___________________ reflexes.
unconditioned
The stimulus in an unconditioned reflex is called an …
unconditioned stimulus (US).
The response in an unconditioned reflex is called an …
unconditioned response (UR).
In Pavlov’s classic experiment, what was the US?
meat powder
When presented with meat powder, the US, the dogs produced an automatic UR, which was …
salivation.
What are other examples of US-UR reflexes?
- lower lights-pupil dilation
- loud noise-startle
- air puff-eye blink
In contrast, a ____________ reflex occurs as the result of _____________.
conditioned; learning
- In a conditioned reflex, a __________________ results in a __________________.
conditioned stimulus (CS); conditioned response (CR)
In Pavlov’s experiment, the CS was a …
tone
In Pavlov’s experiment, the CR was …
salivation (similar to the UR).
The tone was __________ with the meat powder to also produce ____________.
paired; salivation
Unlike CS-CR reflexes, US-UR sequences are …
universal.
“Universal” means that all members of a species will …
respond in the same way.
In contrast, CS-CR reflexes …
vary from person to person.
What is the first step in conditioning a reflex?
a neutral stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the US.
What is the second step in conditioning a reflex?
Eventually, the CR results from the NS, which is now a CS.
- The CR and UR are the same, except for in the __________ of the response.
strength
The CR is __________ than the UR.
weaker
In a CS-CR sequence, not everyone will respond …
in the same way.
What is a CS-CR example?
- police lights/siren-fear
- spider-startle
