Lesson 6 - Cardiovascular Hemodynamics

Question 1

In relation to valves, when does Systole occur?

Answer 1

Begins at MV closure, ends at AV closure

Question 2

In relation to an ECG, when does Systole occur?

Answer 2

Peak of the R wave to the end of the T wave

Question 3

In relation to valves, when does Diastole occur?

Answer 3

Begins at AV closure, ends at MV closure

Question 4

In relation to an ECG, when does Diastole occur?

Answer 4

End of T wave to peak of R wave

Question 5

In which cardiac phase (of the 7) is LV volume lowest?

Answer 5

Reduced ejection and isovolumetric relaxation

Question 6

What are the 7 cardiac phases and their rough order?

Answer 6

1. Atrial Systole
2. Isovolumetic Contraction
3. Rapid Ejection
4. Reduced Ejection
5. Isovolumetic Relaxation
6. Rapid Filling
7. Reduced Filling

Question 7

What are the valves doing in ATRIAL SYSTOLE?

Answer 7

AV valves open
Ao/PA valves closed

Question 8

What are the valves doing in ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION?

Answer 8

All valves closed!

Question 9

What are the valves doing in RAPID EJECTION?

Answer 9

Ao/PA valves open
AV valves closed

Question 10

When is peak systolic pressure reached?

Answer 10

During RAPID EJECTION

Question 11

Which phase has the LV volume rapidly decreasing?

Answer 11

RAPID EJECTION

Question 12

What are the valves doing in REDUCED EJECTION?

Answer 12

Ao/PA valves open
AV valves closed

Question 13

At what phase do the Aortic valve close, concluding ventricular systole?

Answer 13

REDUCED EJECTION

Question 14

What phase is on the onset of Diastole?

Answer 14

ISOVOLUMETIC RELAXATION

Question 15

What are the valves doing in ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION?

Answer 15

All closed!

Question 16

What phase of the cardiac cycle has LV pressure fall rapidly due to relaxation?

Answer 16

ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION

Question 17

In ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION, the LA pressure ____________ from the increasing volume of blood from the pulmonary veins.

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

What are the valves doing in RAPID FILLING?

Answer 18

AV valves open
Ao/PA valves closed

Question 19

LV pressure falls below the LA pressure, causing the MV to ______, allowing rapid passive filling.

Answer 19

open

Question 20

Which phase has a lovely suction effect?

Answer 20

Rapid filling due to the LV relaxation, and the LA maximally filled at the MV opening

Question 21

The LA pressure _________ once the MV opens but ___________ due to the continuous flow from the pulmonary veins.

Answer 21

decreases
levels off

Question 22

What phase is also known as Ventricular Diastasis?

Answer 22

REDUCED FILLING

Question 23

REDUCED FILLING is also known as…

Answer 23

Ventricular Diastasis

Question 24

What phase do the ventricles continue to fill with blood and expand, and become less compliant?

Answer 24

REDUCED FILLING

Question 25

What is the normal pressure value in the RA?

Answer 25

4

Question 26

What is the normal pressure value in the RV?

Answer 26

25/4

Question 27

What is the normal pressure value in the LA?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

What is the normal pressure value in the LV?

Answer 28

120/8

Question 29

What is the normal pressure value in the PA?

Answer 29

25/10

Question 30

What is the normal pressure value in the Ao?

Answer 30

120/80

Question 31

What is the equation for Cardiac Output?

Answer 31

Stroke volume x heartrate