Lesson 1 - Intro to Echocardiography Flashcards
During which part of the cardiac cycle (diastole/systole) do the coronary arteries fill?
Diastole
What is the quality of echo partly determined by?
Correct transducer preset.
Depth
Frequency
Frame rate gains
What is the biggest advantage with M mode?
Highest frame rate for accurate evaluation of ventricular motion and opening/closing of cardiac calves
Does Colour Doppler assess cardiac hemodynamics qualitatively or quantitatively?
Qualitative
Is Spectral Doppler PW quantitatively assessing or qualitatively assessing hemodynamics?
Quantitative
Is Continuous Wave PW quantitative or qualitative?
Quantitative
How far is PLAX’s depth set past the DTA? (Descending Thoracic Aorta - or DA, Descending Aorta)
1cm
Name the structures visualized in PLAX.
- Left Ventricle
- IVS
- Posterior Wall
- RVOT
- AoV (RCC + NCC)
- Aorta (Sinus of Valsalva, Sinotubular Junction, Proximal Ascending Aorta)
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve (anterior and posterior MV leaflets)
- Descending Aorta
- Coronary Sinus
Is the NCC anterior or posterior to the RCC in PLAX?
Posterior
What does the Mitral Valve connect to?
Chordae tendineae, which connects to the papillary muscles
What anatomy do you see in RVIT?
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Coronary Sinus
IVC
Tricuspid Valve (Anterior and Posterior Valve Leaflet)
What view do you assess for presence of a Chiari network or Eustachian valve?
RVIT
What structures are visualized in the RVOT?
- RVOT
- Pulmonary Valve
- Main Pulmonary Artery
How might you optimize your imaging window of the RVOT?
Translate one rib space higher
What can you potentially visualize in HPLAX?
- Aortic root
- RCC and NCC
Imaging planes in PSAX are accessed by:
angling superiorly or inferiorly through the LV
PSAX at the level of the AoV is called the _____ of the heart.
base
What structures are we seeing in PSAX - AoV level?
- Aortic Valve (all 3 leaflets; RCC, LCC, NCC)
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid Valve
- RVOT
- Pulmonary Valve
- Main Pulmonary Artery
- Left Atrium
- Inter-atrial Septum
- Superior Vena Cava
What structures can occasionally be visualized in PSAX - AoV?
left atrial appendage (LAA)
RCA (right coronary artery)
LMCA (left main coronary artery)
What view determines if the AoV is bicuspid or tricuspid?
PSAX - AoV
If you want to see the RVOT in greater detail, how do you adjust?
Translate up one rib space higher
What structures are visible in the PSAX MV level?
- Mitral Valve (Anterior MV leaflet, posterior MV leaflet)
- Mitral Scallops
- Left Ventricle
- Right Ventricle
PSAX at the MV level visualizes what segment of the heart?
Mid
What structures are seen in PSAX Pap muscle level?
- Right Ventricle
- IVS
- Anterolateral Pap Muscle
- Posteromedial Pap Muscle
- Mid-Ventricular Wall segments
(Anterior, Anteroseptal, Inferoseptal, Inferior wall, Inferolateral, Anterolateral) - AAAIII
PSAX at the PM level visualizes which segment of the heart?
Mid segment
Should the chordae be visualized in the PSAX - PM level?
No, should not be visualized
In PSAX Apex level, what structures are we visualizing?
- Apical Ventricular Wall Segments: Anterior, lateral, posterior, septal (SALI)
- Right Ventricular Apex
What can you occasionally see in the PSAX Apex view?
Occasionally False Tendon (a normal variant)
PSAX at Apex visualizes what segment of the heart?
The apex, duh!
What view would you choose to look for an apical thrombus?
PSAX Apex
