Lesson 4 - M Mode Flashcards
How many frames per second are there for M Mode?
1800
What is represented by the X Axis on M Mode?
Time
What is represented by the Y Axis on M Mode?
Depth
What does a lower sweep speed allow?
To see many waveforms in one image (thickens it up)
What does a higher sweep speed do?
Spread out the wave forms (thins it out)
If your patient has a high HR, what should you adjust on your M Mode?
Sweep speed - use a higher sweep speed.
How do you want your cursor placed?
90 degrees to the structure of interest (perpendicular)
Where do you place your cursor for the AoV and LA?
Cursor goes over the aorta and the leaflet tip level, the prayer hands coming together
For the AoV and LA, what happens during ventricular systole?
AoV leaflets open (this creates the box shape)
the LA is filling due to atrial diastole, which pushes the aortic root all anterior
For the AoV and LA, what happens during ventricular diastole?
AoV leaflets close
LA is contracting during atrial systole, aortic root wall moves posteriorly
Where do you place the cursor for the Mitral Valve M mode measurement?
Tips of the mitral valve leaflets
What structures do you see during M-Mode of the Mitral Valve?
- RV free wall
- RV
- IVS
- LV
- AMVL & PMVL
- Posterior LV Wall
- Pericardium
AMVL motion has which shaped appearance?
‘M’ appearance
PMVL motion has which other shaped appearance?
Blunted ‘W’ shape
The MV leaflet has certain points in its motion. Tell me what D, E, F, A, and C are.
D: Diastole onset
E: Early rapid LV filling
F: Filling of LV ends (also known as diastasis)
A: Atrial contraction
C: Closure of MV leaflets
What is a B bump?
Signals there is elevated left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Visualized during M mode of the MV.
If there is an absence of MV stenosis, what does an increased EPSS indicate?
LV dilation, systolic dysfunction, or Ao regurg
In the M-Mode for LV, what structures can be visualized in the graph?
RV free wall
RV
IVS
LV
Posterior LV wall
Pericardium
The IVS moves posteriorly and the LV posterior wall moves anterior during Ventricular _________.
Systole
During Ventricular Systole, how does the IVS and LV posterior wall move?
IVS moves posteriorly
LV posterior wall moves anteriorly
During Ventricular diastole, how does the IVS and LV posterior wall move?
IVS moves anteriorly
LV posterior wall moves posteriorly
The IVS moves anteriorly and the LV posterior wall moves posteriorly during Ventricular ________.
Diastole
How do the IVS and LV posterior walls shift during ventricular diastole?
IVS - anteriorly
LV posterior wall - posteriorly
All M-Mode measurements are taken:
a) leading edge to leading edge
b) inner to inner
c) outer to outer
A. Leading edge to leading edge
During M-Mode, when is the aortic root measured?
End-Diastole
(before AV opening)
In M-Mode, when is the LA measured?
End-Systole, or the latest diameter of the LA
What is the normal range for EPSS at the MV?
2-7mm
What are the four measurements for LA in M-Mode?
IVSd - diastole
LVIDd - diastole
LVPWd - diastole
LVIDs - systole
When does peak systolic motion of the IVS occur?
Slightly before the peak of systolic motion of the posterior wall.