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Fisheries 12 > Lesson 6 & 7 - Effects of Fisheries Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems & Impacts of Changing Environments > Flashcards

Lesson 6 & 7 - Effects of Fisheries Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems & Impacts of Changing Environments Flashcards

1
Q
  • Plants that have adapted to living in marine areas
  • Usually found in intertidal areas - areas that are reached by tides
A

Mangroves

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2
Q

The most common type of mangroves

A

Tree type

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3
Q

Other types of mangroves

A

Shrubs, palms, and fern types

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4
Q

Specialized roots of mangroves that come out from their trunk

A

Prop roots

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5
Q

Mangrove seeds that are buoyant (float on water)

A

Propagules

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6
Q

Threats to mangroves

A
  • Deforestation
  • Reclamation
  • Extreme weather
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Pollution
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6
Q

Importance of mangrove forests

A
  • Nurseries for small fishes and invertebrates
  • Coastal protection
  • Sources of materials (food, wood, medicines, etc.)
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7
Q

Creatures that may look like plants but are actually marine animals found in shallow tropical seas; cnidarians (relatives of jellyfish)

A

Corals

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8
Q
  • An organism that has a relationship with corals
  • Photosynthetic organisms that give corals bright colors
  • Also give food to corals through photosynthesis, while corals serve as their shelter
A

Zooxanthellae

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9
Q

Where corals are mostly seen around the world

A

Near the equatorial region

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10
Q

Where the most diverse coral reefs in the world are found

A

The Coral Triangle

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11
Q

Importance of corals

A
  • Nurseries
  • Oxygen production
  • Coastal protection
  • Source of medicine
  • Source of food
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12
Q

Threats to coral reefs

A
  • Pollution
  • Destructive fishing methods
  • Muro-ami
  • Global warming
  • Tourism
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12
Q

Another illegal fishing method that destroys corals by pounding them to scare the fish hiding underneath

A

Muro-ami

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13
Q

The phenomenon in which zooxanthellae leave corals as a result of warm waters

A

Coral bleaching

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14
Q

Also known as seagrass beds

A

Pastures of the sea

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14
Q
  • They are not grass nor seaweeds
  • They are angiosperms (flowering plants)
  • The only flowering plants that can liveunderwater
A

Seagrass

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15
Q

Importance of seagrass

A
  • Nursery for small fish and invertebrates
  • Food for aquatic organisms
  • Sediment stability
  • Nutrient source
  • Oxygen production
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16
Q

Threats to seagrass beds

A
  • Land reclamation
  • Trawling
  • Nutrient pollution
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16
Q

It can shade off seagrass, reducing sunlight and restricting growth of seagrass

A

Algae bloom

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16
Q

A destructive fishing method that drags nets across seabeds to catch fish which uproots seagrasses and destroys them

A

Trawling

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17
Q

One of the most widespread human exploitive activity in the marine environment that threatens biodiversity

A

Fishing activity

18
Q

Characterized by excessive fishing capacity with major ecosystem, social, and economic consequences

A

Overfishing

19
Q

Its use is common in aquaculture for some particular marine species

A

Wild-caught fry

19
Q

The escape of these invasive species can have deleterious effects on biodiversity

A

Janitor fish and tilapia

20
Q

It causes a decrease in benthos flaura and fauna biodiveristy

A

Organic loading from cage or pen aquaculture

21
Q

Caused by improper disease management in fish farms

A

Transmission of diseases

21
Q

Three human activities that can harm mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses

A
  • Illegal fishing methods
  • Pollution
  • Habitat destruction
22
Q
  • Specific condition of the atmosphere at a given time
  • Encompasses several specific factors such as rainfall, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc.
  • Can change rapidly
A

Weather

23
Q
  • Average condition of the atmosphere over periods of a month or more
  • Average of weather conditions
  • More or less the same over long periods
A

Climate

24
Q

The stability of climate has been changing in the past decades

A

Climate change

25
Q

One major characteristic of climate change

A

Rise in the global temperature

26
Q

According to scientists, this has been the cause of the warming of our planet.

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

27
Q

Since this period, we have been pumping tons of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.

A

Industrial revolution

27
Q

Ways through which carbon dioxide is released

A
  • Vehicle
  • Exhausts
  • Powerplants
  • Burning of fossil fuels
28
Q

Referred to carbon dioxide with other gases such as nitrous oxide and methane

A

Greenhouse gases

29
Q

Effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems

A
  • Ocean acidification
  • Warming of oceans
  • Rising sea levels
  • Harmful algal blooms
  • Habitat destruction
30
Q

One of the results of warmer waters

A

Coral bleaching

30
Q

Something that is not found naturally in an area that can cause harm

A

Pollutant

31
Q

This is which there is an overgrowth of algae due to the increased nutrients that created favorable conditions for algae growth

A

Eutrophication

32
Q

Some species of algae can grow out of control and produce toxins that are harmful to humans, fish, birds, and other organisms.

A

Harmful Algal Bloom or HABs

33
Q

Some HABs grow so dense that they can color the water red (yellow, orange)

A

Red tide

34
Q

An ocean phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean surface temperatures, which occurs few years around Christmas time

A

El Niño (The Little Boy)

35
Q

In the Philippines, this event is characterized by drier weather and droughts. It occurs every 2 to 7 years; can be predicted by monitoring ocean changes using satellites and buoys.

A

El Niño

35
Q

The opposite of El Niño; characterized by heavy rains and flooding

A

La Niña

36
Q

Two events that are characterized by large waves that result in flooding and damage to coastal areas

A

Tsunami and storm surge

37
Q

Immense sea waves (10 meters or more) which are produced by underwater events such as earthquakes, mudslides, and volcanic eruptions

A

Tsunami

37
Q

Generated when storms push ocean waves towards coastal areas; happen more often than tsunamis

A

Storm surge

38
Q

One of the most powerful tropical cyclones that hit the Philippines in 2013 with strong winds up to 315 km/h; caused the largest storm surge recorded in the Philippines

A

Typhoon Yolanda

39
Q

Carried by large waves from tsunamis and storm surges that is damaging to coastal environments

A

Immense energy

39
Q

Impacts of immense energy from large waves on aquatic ecosystems

A
  • Coastal erosion
  • Damage on coastal ecosystems such as coal reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves
  • Flooding
  • Obstruction of navigation channels
40
Q

Mainly causes the rise in global temperatures along with the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, accelerating climate change, eutrophication, and extreme weather events

A

Human activities

41
Q

These impact aquatic ecosystems

A

Climate change, pollution, and extreme weather events

Fisheries 12 (8 decks)

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