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Fisheries 12 > Lesson 6 & 7 - Effects of Fisheries Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems & Impacts of Changing Environments > Flashcards

Lesson 6 & 7 - Effects of Fisheries Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems & Impacts of Changing Environments Flashcards

1
Q
  • Plants that have adapted to living in marine areas
  • Usually found in intertidal areas - areas that are reached by tides
A

Mangroves

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2
Q

The most common type of mangroves

A

Tree type

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3
Q

Other types of mangroves

A

Shrubs, palms, and fern types

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4
Q

Specialized roots of mangroves that come out from their trunk

A

Prop roots

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5
Q

Mangrove seeds that are buoyant (float on water)

A

Propagules

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6
Q

Threats to mangroves

A
  • Deforestation
  • Reclamation
  • Extreme weather
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Pollution
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6
Q

Importance of mangrove forests

A
  • Nurseries for small fishes and invertebrates
  • Coastal protection
  • Sources of materials (food, wood, medicines, etc.)
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7
Q

Creatures that may look like plants but are actually marine animals found in shallow tropical seas; cnidarians (relatives of jellyfish)

A

Corals

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8
Q
  • An organism that has a relationship with corals
  • Photosynthetic organisms that give corals bright colors
  • Also give food to corals through photosynthesis, while corals serve as their shelter
A

Zooxanthellae

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9
Q

Where corals are mostly seen around the world

A

Near the equatorial region

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10
Q

Where the most diverse coral reefs in the world are found

A

The Coral Triangle

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11
Q

Importance of corals

A
  • Nurseries
  • Oxygen production
  • Coastal protection
  • Source of medicine
  • Source of food
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12
Q

Threats to coral reefs

A
  • Pollution
  • Destructive fishing methods
  • Muro-ami
  • Global warming
  • Tourism
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12
Q

Another illegal fishing method that destroys corals by pounding them to scare the fish hiding underneath

A

Muro-ami

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13
Q

The phenomenon in which zooxanthellae leave corals as a result of warm waters

A

Coral bleaching

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14
Q

Also known as seagrass beds

A

Pastures of the sea

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14
Q
  • They are not grass nor seaweeds
  • They are angiosperms (flowering plants)
  • The only flowering plants that can liveunderwater
A

Seagrass

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15
Q

Importance of seagrass

A
  • Nursery for small fish and invertebrates
  • Food for aquatic organisms
  • Sediment stability
  • Nutrient source
  • Oxygen production
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16
Q

Threats to seagrass beds

A
  • Land reclamation
  • Trawling
  • Nutrient pollution
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16
Q

It can shade off seagrass, reducing sunlight and restricting growth of seagrass

A

Algae bloom

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16
Q

A destructive fishing method that drags nets across seabeds to catch fish which uproots seagrasses and destroys them

A

Trawling

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17
Q

One of the most widespread human exploitive activity in the marine environment that threatens biodiversity

A

Fishing activity

18
Q

Characterized by excessive fishing capacity with major ecosystem, social, and economic consequences

A

Overfishing

19
Q

Its use is common in aquaculture for some particular marine species

A

Wild-caught fry

19
The escape of these invasive species can have deleterious effects on biodiversity
Janitor fish and tilapia
20
It causes a decrease in benthos flaura and fauna biodiveristy
Organic loading from cage or pen aquaculture
21
Caused by improper disease management in fish farms
Transmission of diseases
21
Three human activities that can harm mangroves, coral reefs, and seagrasses
* Illegal fishing methods * Pollution * Habitat destruction
22
* Specific condition of the atmosphere at a given time * Encompasses several specific factors such as rainfall, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, etc. * Can change rapidly
Weather
23
* Average condition of the atmosphere over periods of a month or more * Average of weather conditions * More or less the same over long periods
Climate
24
The stability of climate has been changing in the past decades
Climate change
25
One major characteristic of climate change
Rise in the global temperature
26
According to scientists, this has been the cause of the warming of our planet.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
27
Since this period, we have been pumping tons of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere.
Industrial revolution
27
Ways through which carbon dioxide is released
* Vehicle * Exhausts * Powerplants * Burning of fossil fuels
28
Referred to carbon dioxide with other gases such as nitrous oxide and methane
Greenhouse gases
29
Effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems
* Ocean acidification * Warming of oceans * Rising sea levels * Harmful algal blooms * Habitat destruction
30
One of the results of warmer waters
Coral bleaching
30
Something that is not found naturally in an area that can cause harm
Pollutant
31
This is which there is an overgrowth of algae due to the increased nutrients that created favorable conditions for algae growth
Eutrophication
32
Some species of algae can grow out of control and produce toxins that are harmful to humans, fish, birds, and other organisms.
Harmful Algal Bloom or HABs
33
Some HABs grow so dense that they can color the water red (yellow, orange)
Red tide
34
An ocean phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean surface temperatures, which occurs few years around Christmas time
El Niño (The Little Boy)
35
In the Philippines, this event is characterized by drier weather and droughts. It occurs every 2 to 7 years; can be predicted by monitoring ocean changes using satellites and buoys.
El Niño
35
The opposite of El Niño; characterized by heavy rains and flooding
La Niña
36
Two events that are characterized by large waves that result in flooding and damage to coastal areas
Tsunami and storm surge
37
Immense sea waves (10 meters or more) which are produced by underwater events such as earthquakes, mudslides, and volcanic eruptions
Tsunami
37
Generated when storms push ocean waves towards coastal areas; happen more often than tsunamis
Storm surge
38
One of the most powerful tropical cyclones that hit the Philippines in 2013 with strong winds up to 315 km/h; caused the largest storm surge recorded in the Philippines
Typhoon Yolanda
39
Carried by large waves from tsunamis and storm surges that is damaging to coastal environments
Immense energy
39
Impacts of immense energy from large waves on aquatic ecosystems
* Coastal erosion * Damage on coastal ecosystems such as coal reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves * Flooding * Obstruction of navigation channels
40
Mainly causes the rise in global temperatures along with the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, accelerating climate change, eutrophication, and extreme weather events
Human activities
41
These impact aquatic ecosystems
Climate change, pollution, and extreme weather events

Fisheries 12 (8 decks)

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