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Fisheries 12 > Lesson 1,2, & 3 - Aquatic Ecosystem > Flashcards

Lesson 1,2, & 3 - Aquatic Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

Stipulates that “Fisheries conservation subjects shall be incorporated in the curricula of elementary and secondary schools in both public and private.”

A

Republic Act 8550 (The Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998) now RA 10654

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2
Q

All activities relating to the act or business of fishing culturing, preserving, processing, marketing, developing, conserving, and managing aquatic resources and the fishery areas, including the privilege to fish or take aquatic resource thereof

A

Fisheries

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3
Q

Consists of organisms and their environment where there are dynamic interactions between the organisms and their environment working together as a functional unit

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

Two main types of ecosystems

A
  • Terrestrial - of land
  • Aquatic - of water
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5
Q

Two components of an aquatic ecosystem

A
  • Living components (biotic)
  • Non-living components (abiotic)
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6
Q

Living components of an aquatic ecosystem

A
  • Producers - green plants
  • Macroconsumers - animals
  • Microconsumers/decomposers - bacteria and fungi
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7
Q

They break down dead organic materials, absorb some of the decomposition products, and release inorganic nutrients

A

Microconsumer/decomposer

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8
Q

Non-living components of an aquatic ecosystem

A
  • Inorganic substances (C, N, CO2, H20, etc.) - in material cycles
  • Organic compounds (protein, carbohydrates , lipids, humic substances, etc.) - link the biotic with the abiotic
  • Climate regimes (temperature and other physical factors)
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9
Q

One of the dynamic interactions in an ecosystem

A

Feeding and non-feeding relationships

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10
Q

Feeding relationships are shown in:

A

Trophic levels, food chains, and food webs

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11
Q

From the word “trophe” which means nourishment or the level of nourishment of organisms

A

Trophic level

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12
Q
  • Producer level (chiefly green plants)
  • Produce food from light energy (photosynthesis)
  • Produce food from chemical compounds (chemosynthesis)
A

1st trophic level

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13
Q

Primary consumer level (chiefly animals); plant eaters

A

2nd trophic level

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14
Q

Primary carnivore (secondary consumer level)

A

3rd trophic level

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15
Q

Secondary carnivore (tertiary consumer) level

A

4th trophic level

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16
Q

The transfer of energy from the source in plants through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten

A

Food chain

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17
Q

Two basic types of food chain

A
  • Grazing food chain
  • Detritus food chain
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18
Q

Green plants - herbivoeres (plant eaters) - carnivores (animal eaters)

A

Grazing food chain

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19
Q

Dissolved organic materials - microorganisms - detritivores - carnivores

A

Detritus food chain

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19
Q

The interlocking pattern of food chains

A

Food webs

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20
Q

Five major types of (non-feeding) ecological relationships or species interactions

A
  • Competition
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Amensalism
  • Predation
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21
Q
  • Occurs when a number of animals (of the same or different species) utilize common resources the supply of which is short (or not)
  • Occurs when the organisms seeking that resource harm each other in the process (Allan, 1995); lowers the fitness of both species
A

Competition

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22
Q

Interaction that benefits both species (e.g., sea anemone and clown fish)

A

Mutualism

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23
Q

Interaction where one species benefits and the other remains unaffected (e.g., remora and other marine organism)

A

Commensalism

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24
Q
  • The presence of one species has a negative on the other, but the first species is unaffeced
  • Commonly result when one species produces a chemical compound that is harmful to another species (e.g., coral vs. coral competing for space)
A

Amensalism

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25
Q

A type of amensalism

A

Parasitism

26
Q

Includes any interaction between two species in which one species benefits by obtaining resources from and to the detriment of the other

A

Predation

27
Q

It is a pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of the Earth

A

Biogeochemical cycle

28
Q

Some of the important biogeochemical cycles

A
  • Water/hydrologic cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle
  • Phosphorus cycle
  • Carbon cycle
  • Sulfur cycle
  • Nutrient cycle in coral reefs
29
Q
  • Essential to life
  • Without it, the biosphere that exists on the surface of the earth would not be possible
  • A renewable resource through the hydrologic cycle
A

Water

30
Q

How many percent of water is locked in the oceans, toxic to humans and many plants and animals?

A

93%

31
Q

The amount of cubic miles of water evaporated from the ocean annually

A

800,000 cubic miles

31
Q

Amount of water cycled through the hydrologic cycle in a year

A

About 100 billion gallons

31
Q
  • Also known as the hydrologic cycle
  • A cycle that involves the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system
A

Water cycle

32
Q

The most important processes in the water cycl

A

Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff

33
Q

A complex gaseous type cycle

A

Nitrogen cycle

33
Q

An important element in many life processes required in the production of amino acids, nucleic acids, proteins, chlorophyll, etc.

A

Nitrogen

34
Q

Processes through which nitrogen enters the aquatic system

A

Fixation, precipitation, diffusion, and run-off

35
Q

Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen which may also find their way to aquatic ecosystems

A
  • Car/industry exhaust
  • Fertilizer
  • Leachates
  • Livestock rearing
  • Domestic sewage
36
Q
  • An important element for all forms of life
  • As phosphate (PO4), it makes up an important part of the structural framework that holds DNA and RNA together
A

Phosphate

37
Q

Critical component of ATP - the cellular energy carrier - as they serve as an energy ‘release’ for organisms to use in building proteins or contacting muscles

A

Phosphate

38
Q

80% of it is found in the human body’s teeth and bones

A

Phosphorus

39
Q

The largest reservoir of phosphorus

A

Sedimentary rock

40
Q

Stimulates the growth of plankton and plants, favoring weedy species over others

A

Phosphate

41
Q

The event in which the excess growth of plants tend to consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen, potentially suffocating fish and other marine animals, while also blocking available sunlight to bottom dwelling species (resulting in fish kills)

A

Eutrophication

42
Q

Sources of phosphorus, which may eventually find their way to affect aquatic ecosystems

A
  • Rock deposits
  • Soil
  • Decomposing organic matter
  • Soaps/detergents
  • Leachate
  • Domestic sewage
  • Fertilizer
43
Q
  • A component of two amino acids (cysteine and methionine) which are important to plants and animals
  • Passed along the food chain and is eventually released by detritivores as sulfate ions, which can be taken up by plants again
A

Sulfur

44
Q

Enters the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions and biological processes; it is oxidized to sulfur dioxide (SO2) which moves by rain into the soil and water

A

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

45
Q

Sources of sulfur

A
  • Certain anthropogenic activities (coal and other fossil fuels)
  • A series of reactions
46
Q

Serve as habitat and breeding grounds for a variety of species of fish and aquatic organisms; have high primary production

A

Coral reefs

47
Q

A single reef may contain ____ species of corals, fish, and shelffish

A

3,000

48
Q

Two mechanisms that affect coral reef productivity

A

Advection and geothermal endo-upwelling

49
Q

Large-scale horizontal movements of ocean water, carries large volumes of water to the reef

A

Advection

50
Q

Brings a variety of nutrients to the reef

A

Geothermal endo-upwelling

51
Q

It is rich in nutrients and is carried to the surface and through the reef structure, where the nutrients are quickly absorbed

A

Geothermally heated deep-ocean water

52
Q

Notable for their high rates of nitrogen fixation, importing large amounts of nutrients from the atmosphere; characterized by high rates of nitrogen export to the ocean, mostly in the form of nitrate

A

Reefs

52
Q

Photosynthetic dinoflagellates that account much of the primary production of reefs contained by many corals

A

Endosymbiotic zooxanthellae

53
Q

Removes dissolved inorganic phosphate from waters containing extremely low phosphorus concentrations

A

Symbiotic associations

54
Q

Type of aquatic ecosystems in terms of salinity or salt content

A
  • Fresh water
  • Estuaries
  • Salt water/marine
55
Q

Categorization of freshwater ecosystems in terms of water movement

A
  • Lotic systems or flowing water
  • Lentic systems or still water
56
Q

Mix of fresh and saly water, usually where freshwater meets the sea

A

Estuaries or brackish water

57
Q

Partially enclosed bodies of water directly connected with the ocean; where seawater is diluted by freshwater entering a river system

A

Estuaries

58
Q

Aquatic ecosystems with very high concentration of salt

A

Marine ecosystem

59
Q

Three important ecosystems which serve as habitats of valuable aquatic organisms and provide benefits to humans and both terrestrial and aquatic organisms

A
  • Coral reefs
  • Mangrove forests
  • Seagrass beds

Fisheries 12 (8 decks)

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