lesson 6 Flashcards
mitochondria are… and exist as…
they are dynamic and often exist as interconnected structures
what is a monomeric G protein?
it binds GTP (small proteins), it helps the mitochondria divide
what are the steps of mitochondrial fission?
- ER interacts and recruits Drp1
- Drp1 forms helix around mitochondrion
- GTP hydrolysis by Drp1 leads to conformational change
- Mitochondrion splits
what is Drp1?
it is a monomeric G protein or a GTPase
what are porins?
channels that permit moderately sized molecules to move from the cytosol to the inter-membrane space
what is unique about porins?
they are a unique integral proteins because they are made of Beta-sheets
Fnot and F1?
F1 is in the matrix, F0 is in the innermembrane
F1 particles are how big
8.5nm
draw mitochondria while label the following: inner and outer membrane, intermembrane space, cristae, matrix, ribosomes, dna, porins, f0 f1 particles
what is cardiolipin
- an unusual lipid in the inner membrane
- “double” phospholipid: has 4 fatty acid chains
- makes everything super packed and tight, does not allow for anything to get past it, it insulates the membrane!
cardiolipin is is in the heart of the mitochondria
the inner compartment of the mitochondria is called?
the matrix! it has high concentration of proteins
- the site of the citric acid cycle
the matric contains…
ribosomes and circular DNA
- mitochondria have all the machinery needed to transcribe/translate their own proteins BUT only make about 5% of required proteins (13 in humans)
the matrix contains ribosomes and circular DNA because of…
the endosymbiont theory!
what size particles do porins allow to pass through them?
small to moderate
what is the name of the special phospholipid in the inner membrane? why is it so special?
cardiolipin - because of glycerin**
what is metabolism?
ALL the chemical reactions in a cell
what are metabolic pathways? what are the two kinds?
they are sequences of chemical reactions
- enzymes in the same metabolic pathway can be physically linked
the two kinds are catabolic and anabolic pathways
what are catabolic pathways?
the disassembly of complex molecules
- they release energy ex. break down glucose to pyruvate via glycolysis
what are anabolic pathways?
the synthesis of more complex compounds
- consume energy/need ATP
ex. amino acids joining via peptide bonds to make a protein
what are exergonic reactions?
- (-DeltaG), thermodynamically favourable
what are endergonic reactions?
- (+DeltaG), thermodynamically unfavourable
the cell will couple…
exergonic and endergonic reactions
ATP is …
adenosine triphosphate - the energy currency in the cell
hydrolysis of ATP
creates available energy for the cell to do work **
