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ZOOLOGY > LESSON 6 > Flashcards

LESSON 6 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Basic and fundamental unit of life, it possesses a highly organized structure that enables it to carry out its vital functions.
A

CELL

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2
Q

2 TYPES OF CELL

A

PROKARYOTIC
EUKARYOTIC

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3
Q
  • Lack a defined nucleus
A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Dispersed genetic material in the cytoplasm.

A

prokaryotic

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5
Q
  • Have a defined nucleus
A

Eukaryotic

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6
Q
  • Cellulose cell wall; chloroplasts and vacuoles.
A

Plant

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7
Q
  • Rigid cell wall; may have flagella.
A

Animal

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8
Q
  • They can have a cell wall, without differentiated tissues.
A

Protists

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9
Q
  • Chitin Cell Wall; they are heterotrophs.
A

Fungal

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10
Q

largest cell

A

ostrich egg cell

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11
Q

smallest cell

A

mycoplasma

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12
Q

An organelle that houses DNA, located in the center of eukaryotic cells.

A

cell nucleus

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13
Q

Its primary function is to store and safeguard genetic information, controlling gene expression and DNA replication.

A

cell nucleus

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14
Q

It also contains the nucleolus, which is involved in ribosome synthesis.

A

cell nucleus

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15
Q

cell nucleus It also contains the ______, which is involved in ribosome synthesis.

A

nucleolus

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16
Q

A gelatinous liquid that fills the cell

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

Contains cell organelles

A

cytoplasm

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18
Q

Protects the organelles from any damage

A

cytoplasm

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19
Q

Rod-shaped/oval
Has inner and outer membrane

A

mitochondria

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20
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

Has their own DNA (mtDNA) because maternal egg donates most of the cytoplasm to embryo

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

Connects the cytoplasm to the nucleus

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

Types are smooth and rough ER

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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24
Q

Manufacturing, processing, and transporting of proteins

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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25
Q

is covered of ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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26
Q

synthesize lipids and phospholipids

A

Smooth ER

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27
Q

Made up of two subunits
Attached to the ER

A

ribosome

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28
Q

A single replicated cell has about _______ ribosomes

A

10 million

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29
Q

The units are the site for genetic coding into proteins

A

ribosome

30
Q

Gene that codes for the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin, which is located on chromosome ____

A

11

31
Q

Gene that codes for the ______ subunit of hemoglobin, which is located on chromosome 11

A

beta-globin

32
Q

Round subcellular organelle

A

lysosome

33
Q

Very acidic containing digestive enzymes

A

lysosome

34
Q

Has enzyme that breakdown large molecules into smaller molecules that can be utilized by the cell

A

lysosome

35
Q

The enzyme are active only on the inside of the ______

A

lysosome

36
Q

Long straight, hollow cylinder filaments of protein tubulin

A

microtubules

37
Q

microtubules are long straight, hollow cylinder filaments of

A

protein tubulin

38
Q

Transport organelles

A

microtubules

39
Q

Provide rigid and organized component of cytoskeleton of the cell

A

microtubules

39
Q

The main elements that make up the cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

40
Q

Spherical-shaped and is abundant in cytoplasm

A

peroxisome

41
Q

Lipid metabolism

A

peroxisome

42
Q

Involved in chemical detoxification neutralizing body poison

A

peroxisome

43
Q

Made of strands of filaments

A

cilia and flagella

44
Q

Example is the sperm cell

A

cilia and flagella

45
Q

____ lining in epithelial tissues

A

Cilia

46
Q

Membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm

A

vacuole

47
Q

Store food, water, carbohydrates in the form of sugar and waste materials

A

vacuole

48
Q

They also remove toxic substances and waste materials from the cell

A

vacuole

49
Q

transport mechanisms

A

through the cell membrane
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport

50
Q

Must retain the dissolved materials of the cell to avoid leaking

A

throught the cell mebrane

51
Q

Should allow necessary exchange of materials into and out of the cell

A

through the cell membrane

52
Q

Substance moves from a region of high concentration to low concentration

A

simple diffusion

53
Q

Transport occurs unaided

A

simple diffusion

54
Q

E.g. Carbon dioxide, oxygen

A

simple diffusion

55
Q

Molecules cross the membrane due to the presence of permeases

A

facilitated diffusion

56
Q

facilitated diffusion is where molecules cross the membrane due to the presence of _______

A

permeases

57
Q

Faster than simple diffusion

A

facilitated diffusion

58
Q

Each _____________ protein transports only one type of molecule

A

facilitated diffusion

59
Q

Water molecules can transport through the cell membrane due to difference in the solute concentration

A

osmosis

60
Q

Excessive _____ - cell shrinkage

A

exosmosis

61
Q

Excessive ______ - cell swelling and bursting

A

endosmosis

62
Q
  • compartment with higher solute
A

Hypertonic

63
Q
  • lower solute concentration
A

Hypotonic

64
Q
  • Internal solute is equal to external solute
A

Isotonic

65
Q

Cells move molecules against their concentration gradient

A

active transport

66
Q

Needs energy

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

67
Q

Example is sodium potassium pump

A

active transport

68
Q

A group of organelles that works to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

A

Endomembrane System

69
Q

It include the nucleus/nuclear envelope, vesicles, ER and golgi body/apparatus

A

endomembrane system

70
Q
A

ZOOLOGY (7 decks)

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