Lesson 6

Question 1

Mental Representation

Answer 1

A structure in the mind- such as an idea or image- that stands for something else, such as an external object or thing sensed in the past or future, not the present

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and storing knowledge.

Question 2

Visual vs. Mental Representation

Answer 2

Mental Representation is a response to thought/stimuli in the brain that causes someone to think about a something, idea, or feeling in the past; whereas, Visual representation results from a physical sight stimuli (stimuli is still present).

Question 3

Inductive reasoning

Answer 3

Reasoning to general conclusions from specific evidence

Question 4

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 4

Reasoning from general statements of what is known to specific conclusions.

Question 5

Confirmation bias

Answer 5

The tendency to selectively attend to information that supports one’s general beliefs while ignoring information or evidence that contradicts one’s beliefs.

Question 6

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 6

A strategy we use to estimate the probability of one event based on how typical it is of another event.

Question 7

Avaliability Heuristic

Answer 7

A device we use to make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to our awareness.

Question 8

Anchoring Bias

Answer 8

is the tendency to be overly influenced by the first piece of information that we hear.

Question 9

The False Consensus Effect

Answer 9

is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, attitudes, and values.

Question 10

The Halo Effect

Answer 10

is the tendency for an initial impression of a person to influence what we think of them overall. Also known as the “Physical attractiveness stereotype” or the “What is beautiful is ‘good’ principle”

Question 11

The Optimism Bias

Answer 11

s a tendency to overestimate the likelihood that good things will happen to us while underestimating the probability that negative events will impact our lives. Essentially, we tend to be too optimistic for our own good.

Question 12

Critical thinking

Answer 12

A process by which one analyzes, evaluates, and forms ideas.

Question 13

What a critical Thinker Does

Answer 13

Analyze, Evaluate, make inference, interpret, explain, self-regulate..

Question 14

Metacognition

Answer 14

The ability to first think, then to reflect on one’s own thinking.

Question 15

How can metacognition help learning?

Answer 15

People that can think metacognitively are able to question their own thinking.

Question 16

How can being a critical thinker make you a better consumer of news and internet content?

Answer 16

You question all media being thrown at you, so you are less likely to fall for the typical traps of the news.