Lesson 2

Question 1

Metacognitive thinking

Answer 1

The process that includes the ability first to think and then to reflect on one’s own thinking.

Question 2

Theories of Intelligence

Answer 2

The different dorms of intelligence beyond tests and grades.

Question 3

Psychology is best defined as the scientific study of ?

Answer 3

human thought and behavior

Question 4

As a field, psychology is?

Answer 4

a social science, the practice of diagnosing and treating mental illness, a biological science

Question 5

How does psychology differ from the related field of sociology?

Answer 5

Psychology studies individuals; sociology studies groups.

Question 6

Scientific subdisciplines in psychology

Answer 6

cognitive psychology, Developmental psychology, behavioral neuroscience, personality psychology, social psychology

Question 7

Applied Subdisciplines in psychology

Answer 7

Clinical psychology, health psychology, Educational psychology, Industrial/ organizational (I/O) psychology, sports psychology, community psychology, and forensic psychology

Question 8

Cognitive psychology

Answer 8

The study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.

Question 9

Developmental psychology

Answer 9

The study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span.

Question 10

Behavioral neuroscience

Answer 10

The study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior.

Question 11

personality psychology

Answer 11

The study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people’s behavior across time and situations.

Question 12

social psychology

Answer 12

The study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.

Question 13

clinical psychology

Answer 13

The treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health.

Question 14

Health psychology

Answer 14

The study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness.

Question 15

Educational Psychology

Answer 15

The study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching.

Question 16

Industrial/ organizational psychology

Answer 16

The application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings.

Question 17

Sports psychology

Answer 17

The study of psychological factors in sports and exercise.

Question 18

community psychology

Answer 18

An applied subfield of psychology that focuses on how individuals are connected to and part of their communities.

Question 19

Forensic psychology

Answer 19

The field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice.

Question 20

What subdispline of psychology examines how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors change over the life span?

Answer 20

developmental psychology

Question 21

A psychologist has conducted a series of studies on which part of the brain is most active during a memory task. She is probably…

Answer 21

A behavioral neuroscientist

Question 22

The main difference between a clinical and counseling psychologist is that counseling psychologists treat?

Answer 22

People with less severe psychological disorders

Question 23

Empiricism

Answer 23

The view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience.

Question 24

Which phrase most accurately reflects a modern perspective in psychology?

Answer 24

Nature through nurture

Question 25

Assumption

Answer 25

A starting point for our thinking and reasoning that often is taken for granted.

Question 26

critical thinking

Answer 26

A process by which one analyzes, evaluates, and forms ideas.

Question 27

what a critical thinker does

Answer 27

analyze; evaluate; make inferences; interpret; explain; self-regulate

Question 28

metacognitive thinking

Answer 28

the ability to think and then to reflect on one's own thinking

Question 29

theory

Answer 29

A set of related assumptions from which scientists can make testable predictions and it also explains the best current scientific evidence.

Question 30

6 steps scientific method

Answer 30

observe, predict & form a hypothesis, test, interpret, communication, replicate

Question 31

hypothesis

Answer 31

A specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a particular set of conditions in a research design.

Question 32

Informed consent (5 guidelines ethical treatment)

Answer 32

Tell partipants in general terms what the study is about, what they will do and how long it will take, what the know risks and benefits are, and whom to contact with questions. They must also be told that they have the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

Question 33

Respect for persons (5 guidelines ethical treatment)

Answer 33

safeguard the dignity and autonomy of the individual and take extra precautions when dealing with study partipants, such as children, who are less likely to understand that their participation is voluntary.

Question 34

Beneficence (5 guidelines ethical treatment)

Answer 34

Inform partipants of costs and benefits of participation; minimize costs for participants and maximize benefits

Question 35

Privacy and confidentiality (5 guidelines ethical treatment)

Answer 35

protect the privacy of the participant, generally by keeping Reponses confidential

Question 36

justice (5 guidelines ethical treatment)

Answer 36

benefits and costs must be distributed equally among participants

Question 37

deception & its possible use

Answer 37

should be avoided, but is permissible is these conditions are met: it can be fully justified by its significant potential scientific, educational, or applied value; it is part of the research design; there is no alternative to deception; and full debriefing occurs afterwards.

Question 38

epistemology

Answer 38

the study of how we know what we know