Lesson 4

Question 1

Confidence interval

Answer 1

an interval of plausible values for a population parameter; the interval of values within the margin of error of a statistic

Question 2

Distribution

Answer 2

the pattern of variation in data

Question 3

Generalizability

Answer 3

Related to whether the results from the sample can be generalized to a larger population.

Question 4

Margin of error

Answer 4

The expected amount of random variation in a statistic; often defined for 95% confidence level.

Question 5

Parameter

Answer 5

A numerical result summarizing a population (e.g., mean, proportion)

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

A larger collection pf individuals that we would like to generalize our results to.

Question 7

P-Value

Answer 7

The probability of observing a particular outcome in a sample, or more extreme, under a conjecture about the larger population or process.

Question 8

Random assignment

Answer 8

Using a probability-based method to divide a sample into treatment groups

Question 9

Random Sampling

Answer 9

Using a probability-based method to select a subset of individuals for the sample from the population.

Question 10

Sample

Answer 10

The collection of individuals on which we collect data.

Question 11

Statistic

Answer 11

A numerical result computed from a sample (e.g., mean, proportion)

Question 12

Statistical significance

Answer 12

A result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to arise by chance alone.

Question 13

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 13

Tell researches the range, average, and variability of the scores

Question 14

The mean, median, and mode do not reveal anything about how spread out or how varied the scores are.

Question 15

Standard deviation

Answer 15

A statistical measure of how much scores in a sample vary around the mean.

Question 16

how much of the population within the standards of deviations

Answer 16

68% in one standard deviation, 95% within 2 standard deviations

Question 17

Mean

Answer 17

The arithmetic average of a series of numbers

Question 18

Median

Answer 18

The score that separates the lower half of scores from the upper half.

Question 19

Mode

Answer 19

A statistic that represents the most commonly occurring score or value.

Question 20

Inferential Statistics

Answer 20

Analyses of data that allow us to test hypotheses and make in inferences as to how likely a sample score is to occur in a population.

Question 21

A major Pitfall of descriptive results

Answer 21

Cannot draw conclusions from them, we just describe the scores with them.

Question 22

What is an acceptable level of chance before we say that a score is not likely to occur by chance?

Answer 22

5%

Question 23

t-test

Answer 23

A statistic that compares two means to see whether they could come from the same population.