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Physics Yr10 > Lesson 5: Pressure in gases > Flashcards

Lesson 5: Pressure in gases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is pressure caused by?

A
  • By gas particles colliding with walls of container.
  • This exerts force
  • Force on specific area is pressure
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2
Q

What are 2 ways we can increase the pressue of a gas?

A

1.) Increase number of collisions
2.) Increase energy of collisions

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3
Q

What is pressure ?

A
  • Pressure is the total force per unit area.
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4
Q

How does increasing temperature increase the pressure?

at fixed volume

A

1.) More kinetic energy
2.) More collisions with wall of container.
3.) Higher - energy collisions
4.) Each collision exerts force on wall of container
5.) Greater force on walls

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5
Q

How does decreasing volume affect pressure?

mass/ temperature is constant

A
  • Container is smaller
  • Same amount of particles in smaller space
  • Collisions = more frequent
  • Particle collisions = force exerted
  • So, greater overall force on walls.
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6
Q

How does increasing number of gas particles increase pressure?

and volume is kept same

A
  • More particles collide with walls
  • Increase frequency of collisions
  • Each collision exert a force
  • Greater force exerted on whole container.
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7
Q

At how many degrees are the forces that act on container due to collisions?

A
  • Forces at 90 degrees.
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8
Q

What is the relationship between volume and pressure?

A
  • Inversely proportional
  • As one increases, other decreases.
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9
Q

What is the equation that links pressure and volume?

A

pV = constant

from inverse proportion

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10
Q

What 2 words describe the motion of gases?

A
  • Constant, random movement.
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11
Q

How would you work out the pressure of gas in a container?

A
  • Total force applied to walls of container/ area of container

Pressure = force/ area

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12
Q

Explain how gas particles cause pressure inside a balloon.

A

1.) Particles collide with walls of container.
2.) This exerts a force on the wall of container.
3.) The total force exerted per unit area is pressure.

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13
Q

What does the average kinetic energy of molecules depend on?

A
  • Depends on the temp.
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14
Q

What is the relationship between temp and pressure at constant volume?

A
  • Directly proportional relationship.
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15
Q

Why can heating a sealed container cause it to explode?

A

1.) Increase in average KE
2.) More frequent collisions + more forceful
3.) Increases pressure
4.) More than material can bear.

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16
Q

Why does the pressure of a gas keep changing?

A
  • Motion is random
  • Collisions are random
  • Force exerted per unit area varies
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17
Q

What is meant by “volume of gas?”

A
  • The space that the gas particles occupy.
18
Q

What would happen to pressure of gas, at constant temp and mass, if volume was halved?

A

1.) Pressure doubles
2.) Same particles in half space
3.) More frequent collisions
4.) Increase in pressure

19
Q

Why does an increase in pressure cause expansion?

A
  • More particles colliding will walls.
  • Stretches the material out.
20
Q

Why does low pressure in a balloon cause it to shrink?

A
  • Surroundings have higher pressure.
  • Force being exerted on balloon.
  • Causes balloon to shrink.
21
Q

What is the kinetic theory of gases?

A

1.) Constant, random motion
2.) Weak intermolecular forces
3.) Particles collide with each other and wall of container.
4.) Average kinetic energy of particles depends on temp.
5.) Gases are very small, each with own mass.

22
Q

True or False

If I increase the temperature of a substance, each particle has gained same amount of Ek.

A
  • No
  • Temperature just increases the AVERAGE kinetic energy.
23
Q

What unit is 1Pascal equal to?

A

Force/ area
N/m²

24
Q

What do the arrows on gases on particle models show?

A

1.) Length = speed
2.) Arrow pointing different directions = particle moving in different directions.

25
Q

When speaking about mass of gas what is this referring to?

A
  • Mass of particles.

fixed mass = no particles gained/ lost

26
Q

When does pV = constant apply?

A
  • When mass of gas is constant (no gain/ loss of particles.)
  • Temperature is constant

experimenting how volume affects pressure

27
Q

Why is it not always the case that pV = constant when mass and temp are constant?
Think error in experiment

A

1.) Pressure keeps changing in gas.
2.) Value from experiment may be higher/ lower than the average.

28
Q

Do all gas particles have the same mass?

A
  • No
  • Each type of particle from different gas has different mass.
29
Q

Why does fridge have higher pressure than balloon in fridge

A
  • Difference in temp leads to there being a lower pressure
  • Fridge itself has no difference in pressure
30
Q

Does a balloon inflated have the same pressure as atmosphere?

A

1.) Higher pressure at first
2.) Balloon expands
3.) To reach lower pressure of surroundings

31
Q

How does a balloon and the atmosphere have the same pressure when balloon has smaller volume?

A
  • Baloon has less particles less volume.
  • Air has more particles, more volume
  • BALANCES OUT
32
Q

What is atmospheric pressure caused by?

A
  • Particles in air colliding with objects.
33
Q

Q.)

Describe movement of helium gas particles in a balloon.

A
  • Different directions
  • Different speeds
34
Q

Q.)

What conclusion can someone make about pressure, volume graph?

(3 marks)

A
  • Pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
  • point of pressure x point on volume = constant
  • Point of pressure x point on volume =constant
  • Smaller volume = greater pressure.
35
Q

Q.)

The further a swimmer dives in the sea, the greater the pressure, explain why. (2 marks.)

A

1.) More water above (higher mass)
2.) This exerts higher force on the swimmer.

36
Q

Q.)

Explain what type of error would be caused if the student’s eye was not in line with
the level of the liquid in the tube when measuring volume. (2)

A
  • Syetematic error
  • She is always looking at the same point either above or below meniscus
37
Q

Q.)

If the gas is compressed too quickly the temperature of the gas increases.
Explain how the temperature increase would affect the pressure exerted by the gas. (2)

A

1.) Increases pressure
2.) Because particles have a higher average kinetic energy

Q doesn’t say why

38
Q

Q.)

Why have aircraft windows been designed in the way they have?

A
  • Force (of air pressure) of inside to outside, is bigger than force of outside to inside.
  • Keeps window in position.
39
Q

Q.)

Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.

A

1.) Air pressure is caused by collisions with surrounding surfaces.
2.) Higher up = less particles
3.) Less collisions with surrounding surfaces.

40
Q

What are the conditions for pV = constant to be true?

A
  • Must be fixed mass
  • Held at a constant temperature

Physics Yr10 (33 decks)

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