Lesson 5: Muscles and bones of the lower extremities Flashcards
Name the Quadricep muscles and which one is a two joint muscle?
Quadricep muscles are the 3 vasti which attach from the femur. They are:
- Vastus medialia
- Vastus lateralia
- Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris is the two joint muscle as it crosses the hip to attach to the AIIS.
What is the origin of the hamstrings?
The hamstrings all come from the ischial tuberosity. The exception is the biceps femoris which comes from the linear aspera on the femur.
Which hamstring has two heads and where does the short head originate from and what does it do?
The short head originates from linear aspera on the femur.
It only crosses one joint, the knee joint, so it can only flex the knee.
From superior to inferior order the following:
Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Pectineus, Psoas major.
- Psoas major
- Pectineus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor longus
(brevis is hidden by pectineus and longus)
What is the largest adductor?
Adductor magnus
Which calf muscle is a two joint muscle and what does it do?
Gastrocnemius crosses the ankle and the knee.
It plantar flexes the ankle and flexes the knee.
Where does the soleus originate from?
The soleus originates from the head of the fibula and upper posteria tibia.
What muscles are antagonists to the adductors?
The abductors, the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus.
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Biceps femoris
Action - extends hip (long head only) and flexes the knee.
Origin - Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
Insertion - Head of fibula
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Adductor magnus
Action - Adduction of hip
Origin - Ischiel tuberosity nad inferior pubic ramus
Insertion - Linea aspera down to the medial condyle of the femur.
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Pectineus
Action - Flexes and adducts the hip.
Origin - Anterior pubis
Insertion - Betweent he lesser trochanter and the linea aspera.
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Adductor brevis
Action - Adducts and flexes the hip
Origin - Anterior pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Soleus
Action - Plantar flexion of ankle
Origin - Soleal line if tibia, posterior head and upper shaft of fibula.
Insertion - Calcaneus via archilles tendon.
Name this muscle, its action, origin and insertion?
Rectus femoris
Action - Flex the hip and extend the knee.
Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion - Patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
