Lesson 1: Bone And Muscle Tissue Flashcards
Bone is covered by a layer of connective tissue called the………
Periosteum
The skeleton can be broken down into 3 main sections. Name these and describe them.
Axial skeleton: forms the longitudinal axis of the body.
- skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs, hyoid.
Appendicular skeleton: composed of the upper and lower extremities including shoulder and pelvic girdle.
- clavicle, scapulae, upper and lower limbs, coxal bones (hip bones).
The thorax:
- sternum, thoracic vertebrae, ribs.
Name the parts of the long bone.
Epiphysis (head), diaphysis (shaft), epiphyseal line, medullary cavity, neck.
What is the tissue inside the medullary cavity?
Marrow - red when developing and yellow in adults.
Five functions of muscle are?
- Motion of a part of the body
- Maintenance of posture
- Thermogenesis (heat production)
- Enhances venous return via muscle pumps
- Protection of organs
Five functions of bone are?
- Support
- Protection of organs and tissues
- Provide attachments for muscles and act as levers to produce movement
- Red blood cell production
- Storage of minerals such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium and sodium
Ossification means? Bonus for describing the two types of ossification.
Ossification is the natural process of bone formation, the hardening or calcification of soft tissue into bone like material.
- intramembraneous: occurs from connective tissue (only for flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicles, maxilla).
- endochondrial: is from cartilage and is for the rest of the bones.
Give an example of each type of bone.
Long bone - long bones in the limbs eg. Femur, humerus. Short bone - carpals, tarsals. Flat bone - skull bones, sternum. Sesamoid bone - patella, pisiform. Irregular bone - vertebrae, hips, facial
Put these muscle structures in order from largest to smallest.
Fascicle, sarcomere, muscle belly, myofilament, myofiber, myofibril.
- Muscle belly
- Fascicle
- Myofiber
- Myofibril
- Sarcomere
- Myofilament
What molecule is responsible (used for fuel) for movement?
ATP
Why does rigormortis occur?
ATP enables the myosin to disengage from the actin. When you die no ATP is released anymore, hence the myosin that are connected to the actin can not be released and remain contracted.
Calcium released into then sarcoplasm as a result of a motor neurone impulse binds to what and results in what?
Calcium binds to the actin, so that myosin can then interact with it.
What does ATP bind to and what is the result?
ATP binds to the myosin, so that it can detach from the actin and then reloads.
Why do we eat food (besides from being hungry)?
Our bodies need fuel as a source to produce ATP that can be used for muscles contraction and other molecular functions within the body.
What is an antagonistic pair?
Two muscles that lie on the opposite side of a joint and have opposing actions. Eg. Biceps (flexes elbow) and triceps (extends elbow).
