Lesson 5: Mitigation Strategies, Building Materials, ENVISION Flashcards
Strategies, policies, programs, actions, and activities that, over time, will serve to avoid, minimize, or compensate for (by replacing or providing substitute resources) the impacts to or disruption of elements of the human and natural environment associated with the implementation of a project.
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Possible Mitigation (Air Quality)
Typical Issues: Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM10)
DUST REDUCTION/SUPPRESSION
REVISING SCHEDULE TO ELIMINATE CONCURRENT ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT AIR QUALITY
EXHAUST FROM GENERATORS, TRUCKS, ETC. - ENGINE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
SO2 EMISSIONS (DIESEL) - USE LOW SULPHUR FUEL
Mitigation Strategies: Noise
TYPICAL ISSUE
SHORT - TERM NOISE FROM CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
POSSIBLE MITIGATION
LIMITATION OF CONSTRUCTION HOURS
72-HOUR NOTICE PRIOR TO START OF CONSTRUCTION
TOLL-FREE PHONE HOTLINE FOR COMPLAINTS
MAINTENANCE OF MUFFLERS ON CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
SOUND WALLS CLOSE TO SCHOOLS, BUSINESS AND LANDOWNDERS
Mitigation Strategies: Water Quality
Typical Issues:
Surface water and groundwater used by aquatic life or humans
Introduction of deleterious materials
BMPS AND ENGINEERING TO LIMIT SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT
SILT FENCES, HAY BALES (SLOW RUNOFF WATER VELOCITY)
SEDIMENT PONDS (WITH TREATMENT IF NECESSARY)
DIVERSION CHANNELS (FOR FISH)
MONITORING AND WATER SAMPLING
Mitigation Strategies: Cultural Resources
Typical Issue: Disturbing archaeological site
ARCHAEOLOGIST MONITOR DURING TRENCHING / EXCAVATION IN SUSPECT AREA
APPROPRIATE TESTING AND DATE RECOVERY TO BE PREFORMED IS RESOURCE ARE DISCOVERED
Building Materials
DRYWALL (GYPSUM) - RECYCLED
CEILING TILE - RECYCLED
INSULATION - DERIVED FROM SLAG WOOL RATHER THAN FIBREGLASS OR CELLULOSE
PAINT - USE LATEX WITH NO OFF GASSING
WALLS - PLASTERED AS OPPOSED TO VINYL OR SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
MILLWORK - WOOD NOT SYNTHETIC
FLOORS - TERRAZZO, CARPET (NYLON OR WOOL)
LIGHTING - HALOGEN LOW WATTAGE LAMPS
The most widely used building material in the world
CONCRETE
Concrete roads vs Asphalt roads
MORE RESISTANT - LOWER HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE COST AND LESS TIME DEALING WITH CONSTRUCTION WORK
LESS DEFLECTION - REDUCED FUEL CONSUMPTION (UP TO 11%)
SMOOTHER AND SAFER - REDUCES RISK OF HYDROPLANING, FEWER POTHOLE REFLECTS LIGHT BETTER
SURFACE IS LIGHTER THAN ASPHALT MAKING NIGHTTIME DRIVING EASIER
Concrete: Buildings
RESIST FIRE
WITHSTAND THE HIGH WINDS OF TORNADOES AND HURRICANES
WITHSTAND SOME EARTHQUAKES
PROVIDE FLEXIBILITY IN DESIGN
VARIED AESTHETIC POSSIBILITIES
RAPID CONSTRUCTION IS POSSIBLE
ECONOMICAL FOR OWNERS OVER TIME
Concrete and Heat
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONCRETE IS SLOW AND THE AMOUNT OF HEAT STORED IN IT IS RELATIVELY HIGH
Cement contains less fly-ash or ground slag
CONCRETE REDUCE
Paver, pre-cast panels, slabs (e.g., used as dry stone walls)
Rinse water reused in concrete plants.
CONCRETE REUSE
Cement dust (as a lime fertilizer), granular fill, pipe bedding, reconstituted in new concrete (less strength in new concrete).
CONCRETE RECYCLE
Concrete: Toxic Substances
PM10 (RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE MATTER LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 10 MICROMETER IN DIAMETER)
SULPHUR OXIDES (SOX)
NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX)
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
GROUND-LEVEL OZONE (O3) (GENERATED AS A RESULT OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN NOX AND VOCS)
Manufacture by mixing asphalt cement with aggregates such as stone, sand or gravel.
A product of oil refining that is used as a binder to glue the aggregates together in order to produce asphalt.
Used in driveways, parking lots, airport runways, race tracks, tennis courts, and other applications where a smooth, durable driving surface is required.
ASPHALT
