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CMGT 7660 > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

(General Definition) A complex network or interconnected system

A

ECOSYSTEMS

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2
Q

(Environmental Context) A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. A geographical area of a variable size where plants, animals, the landscape and the climate all interact together.

A

ECOSYSTEMS

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3
Q

Largest ecosystem

A

EARTH

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4
Q

Small ecosystem.

A

SINGLE LEAF

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5
Q

Relations and interactions between organisms and their environment.

Branch of science that studies relationship.

A

ECOLOGY

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6
Q

A system of living organisms interacting with their environment in an area.

A

ECOSYSTEM

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7
Q

An ecosystems that require living things (plants and animals) and non-living things (irrigation and farm equipment).

A

AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS

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8
Q

Subfield of ecology that deals with the interaction of plants, animals and humans with each other and their environment in urban or urbanizing settings.

A

URBAN ECOSYSTEM

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9
Q

Refers to the variety of living species on the Earth or in a specific area. Includes plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.

A

BIODIVERSITY (Biological Diversity)

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10
Q

Pollution is one of the main causes. Also flooding, erosion, climate change.

A

ECOSYSTEM DESTRUCTION

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11
Q

Disconnected or discontinuous ecosystem. Habitats become smaller and more isolated.

A

ECOSYSTEM FRAGMENTATION

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12
Q

Deterioration of the environment (depletion and destruction).

A

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION

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13
Q

The degree to which a substance (a toxin or poison) can harm humans or animals.

A

TOXICITY

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14
Q

Harmful effects in an organism through a single or short-term exposure.

A

ACUTE TOXICITY

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15
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on brain.

A

MEMORY LOSS
LACK OF CONCENTRATION
HEADACHES
IRRITABILITY
DEPRESSION

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15
Q

The ability of a substance to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure, sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism.

A

CHRONIC TOXICITY

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16
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on body.

A

FATIGUE
JOINT AND MUSCLE PAIN

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17
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on digestive system.

A

CONSTIPATION
NAUSEA
POOR APPETITE

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18
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in kidneys.

A

ABNORMAL FUNCTION AND DAMAGE

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19
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in nervous system.

A

DAMAGE INCLUDING NUMBNESS AND PAIN IN THE EXTREMITIES

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20
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in reproductive system.

A

MEN:
DECREASED SEX DRIVE AND SPERM COUNT
SPERM ABNORMALITIES

WOMEN:
SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE

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21
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in brain.

A

BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
LOWER IQ
HEARING LOSS
LEARNING DISABILITIES

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22
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in body.

A

DECREASED BONE AND MUSCLE GROWTH

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23
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in kidneys.

A

DAMAGE

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24
Children: Lead Toxicity effect in nervous system.
DAMAGE
25
Children: Lead Toxicity effect in blood.
ANEMIA
26
Mercury health effects.
DETERIORATES NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPAIRS HEARING, SPEECH, VISION AND GAIT CAUSES INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE MOVEMENTS CORRODES SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES CAUSES CHEWING AND SWALLOWING TO BECOME DIFFICULT
27
Symptoms of Carbon monoxide poisoning.
DIZZINESS HEADACHE DISORIENTATION IMPAIRMENT OF THE CEREBRAL FUNCTION COMA VISUAL DISTURBANCES DISEASE OF THE HEART AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE WEAKNESS MUSCLE CRAMPS SEIZURES NAUSEA AGGRAVATION OF PREEXISTING DISEASES
28
Toxicity effects from formaldehyde & mould at home.
Can irritate: EYES NOSE THROAT SKIN
29
Toxicity effects from formaldehyde & mould can increase breathing problems for people with;
ASTHMA CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISORDER (COPD)
30
Symptoms of Mold Exposure
SNEEZING RUNNY OR STUFFY NOSE ITCHY EYES, NOSE AND THROAT COUGH AND POSTNASAL DRIP WATERY EYES WHEEZING COLD AND FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS SHORTNESS OF BREATH SINUS CONGESTION CHRONIC FATIGUE AND WEAKNESS DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING HEADACHES AND LIGHT SENSITIVITY SKIN RASHES
31
The fate and effects of chemicals in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
32
The presence in the atmosphere of one or more contaminants in such quantities and of such duration as is or tends to be injurious to human health or welfare, animal or plant life, or property. Generally, any substance introduced into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment.
AIR POLLUTION
33
Major cause of all air pollution.
COMBUSTION
34
Incomplete combustion and impurities cause the formation of side products such as:
CARBON MONOXIDE SULPHUR OXIDES NITROGEN OXIDES FLY ASH UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS
35
Criteria air contaminants - Environment and Climate Change Canada
SULPHUR OXIDES (SOx) NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx) VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs) CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) AMMONIA (NH3) GROUND-LEVEL OZONE (O3)
36
Air pollution - typical sources.
VEHICLE EMISSIONS INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS SMOKE AND BURNING BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL CONSTRIBUTIONS
37
Vehicle emissions
CO COOLANTS NOx SO2 VOCs
38
Industrial emissions
WOOD-FIRED COMBUSTION - RELEASE PM, SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs
39
Smoke and burning.
BIOMASS BURNING - RELEASE PM, NOx, CO, VOCs, FORMALDEHYDE, DIOXINS AND FURANS, OTHERS
40
Business and industrial contributions.
WOOD INDUSTRY (FORESTRY ANS SAWMILLS) AND PULP AND PAPER - RELEASE PM, SOx, NOx AND VOCs UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS - RELEASE SOx, NOx AND VOCs COAL MINING, CEMENT AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION, MINING AND ROCK QUARRYING, AND ALUMINUM PRODUCTION SMALL BUSINESS (AUTOMOTIVE SHOPS, DRY CLEANERS AND PAINT OPERATIONS) - RELEASE VARIOUS TOXIC COMPOUNDS (PAINTS, SOLVENTS, AND CLEANING AGENTS)
41
Term used for a mixture of solid particulates and liquid droplets in the air.
PARTICULATE MATTER
42
Particulate matters
AEROSOLS DUST SMOKE FUMES MIST FOG SOOT SMOG POLLEN
43
Size of particulate matter that is directly linked to their potential for causing health problems. Can pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs.
PM10 - 10 micrometer in diameter
44
Removed in the upper respiratory system
> PM10
45
Can reach the lungs.
PM0.5 to PM10
46
Airborne particulate matter with an upper size limit of approximately 10 microns.
TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER (TPM)
47
Airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 10 microns.
PARTICULATE MATTER < 10 MICRONS (PM10)
48
Airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 2.5 microns.
PARTICULATE MATTER <2.5 MICRONS (PM2.5)
49
Wildfire smoke size.
0.4 MICRONS TO 0.7 MICRONS
50
Principal causes of acid rain.
SULPHURIC AND NITRIC ACIDS
51
Acid rain effect on environment.
DAMAGE TO TREES AND FORREST SOILS ACIDIFICATION OF LAKE AND STREAMS ACCELERATES THE DECAY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PAINTS (INCLUDING STATUES AND SCULPTURES)
52
Highly reactive gas that is formed by set of reactions involving nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen.
OZONE (O3)
53
Ozone effect on property.
ATTACKS SYNTHETIC RUBBERS (TIRES) ATTACKS CELLULOSE IN TEXTILES, REDUCING THEIR STRENGHT
54
Ozone effects in plants.
ABSORBED BY LEAVES AND DAMAGES LEAVES REDUCES PHOTOSYNTHESIS SLOW GROWTH CAN MAKE PLANTS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASES
55
Ozone effects on human.
BREATHING O3 CAN TRIGGER CHEST PAIN, COUGHING, THROAT IRRITATION AND CONGESTION CAN WORSEN BRONCHITIS, EMPHYSEMA AND ASTHMA CAN REDUCE LUNG FUNCTION AND INFLAME THE LININGS OF THE LUNGS REPEATED EXPOSURE MAY PERMANENTLY SCAR LUNG TISSUE
56
Air pollution
PARTICULATE MATTER FOREST FIRES SULPHURIC & NITRIC ACIDS ACID RAIN OZONE (O3) HEAVY METALS HYDROCARBONS MIGRATION
57
STEL
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (STEL) - MEANS THE TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN AIR WHICH MAY NOT BE EXCEEDED OVER ANY 15-MINUTE PERIOD, LIMITED TO NO MORE THAN 4 SUCH PERIODS IN AN 8-HOUR WORK SHIFT WITH AT LEAST ONE HOUR BETWEEN ANY 2 SUCCESSIVE 15-MINUTE EXCURSION PERIODS.
58
TWA
TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE IS AN 8-HOUR TWA LIMIT THAT MEANS CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN AIR WHICH MAY NOT BE EXCEEDED OVER A NORAMAL 8-HOUR WORK PERIOD
59

CMGT 7660 (8 decks)

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