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CMGT 7660 > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

(General Definition) A complex network or interconnected system

A

ECOSYSTEMS

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2
Q

(Environmental Context) A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. A geographical area of a variable size where plants, animals, the landscape and the climate all interact together.

A

ECOSYSTEMS

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3
Q

Largest ecosystem

A

EARTH

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4
Q

Small ecosystem.

A

SINGLE LEAF

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5
Q

Relations and interactions between organisms and their environment.

Branch of science that studies relationship.

A

ECOLOGY

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6
Q

A system of living organisms interacting with their environment in an area.

A

ECOSYSTEM

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7
Q

An ecosystems that require living things (plants and animals) and non-living things (irrigation and farm equipment).

A

AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS

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8
Q

Subfield of ecology that deals with the interaction of plants, animals and humans with each other and their environment in urban or urbanizing settings.

A

URBAN ECOSYSTEM

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9
Q

Refers to the variety of living species on the Earth or in a specific area. Includes plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.

A

BIODIVERSITY (Biological Diversity)

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10
Q

Pollution is one of the main causes. Also flooding, erosion, climate change.

A

ECOSYSTEM DESTRUCTION

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11
Q

Disconnected or discontinuous ecosystem. Habitats become smaller and more isolated.

A

ECOSYSTEM FRAGMENTATION

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12
Q

Deterioration of the environment (depletion and destruction).

A

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION

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13
Q

The degree to which a substance (a toxin or poison) can harm humans or animals.

A

TOXICITY

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14
Q

Harmful effects in an organism through a single or short-term exposure.

A

ACUTE TOXICITY

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15
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on brain.

A

MEMORY LOSS
LACK OF CONCENTRATION
HEADACHES
IRRITABILITY
DEPRESSION

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15
Q

The ability of a substance to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure, sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism.

A

CHRONIC TOXICITY

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16
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on body.

A

FATIGUE
JOINT AND MUSCLE PAIN

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17
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects on digestive system.

A

CONSTIPATION
NAUSEA
POOR APPETITE

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18
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in kidneys.

A

ABNORMAL FUNCTION AND DAMAGE

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19
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in nervous system.

A

DAMAGE INCLUDING NUMBNESS AND PAIN IN THE EXTREMITIES

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20
Q

Adult: Lead Toxicity effects in reproductive system.

A

MEN:
DECREASED SEX DRIVE AND SPERM COUNT
SPERM ABNORMALITIES

WOMEN:
SPONTANEOUS MISCARRIAGE

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21
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in brain.

A

BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS
LOWER IQ
HEARING LOSS
LEARNING DISABILITIES

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22
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in body.

A

DECREASED BONE AND MUSCLE GROWTH

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23
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effects in kidneys.

A

DAMAGE

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24
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effect in nervous system.

25
Q

Children: Lead Toxicity effect in blood.

26
Q

Mercury health effects.

A

DETERIORATES NERVOUS SYSTEM

IMPAIRS HEARING, SPEECH, VISION AND GAIT

CAUSES INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE MOVEMENTS

CORRODES SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES

CAUSES CHEWING AND SWALLOWING TO BECOME DIFFICULT

27
Q

Symptoms of Carbon monoxide poisoning.

A

DIZZINESS

HEADACHE

DISORIENTATION

IMPAIRMENT OF THE CEREBRAL FUNCTION

COMA

VISUAL DISTURBANCES

DISEASE OF THE HEART AND RESPIRATORY

MUSCLE WEAKNESS

MUSCLE CRAMPS

SEIZURES

NAUSEA

AGGRAVATION OF PREEXISTING DISEASES

28
Q

Toxicity effects from formaldehyde & mould at home.

A

Can irritate:

EYES

NOSE

THROAT

SKIN

29
Q

Toxicity effects from formaldehyde & mould can increase breathing problems for people with;

A

ASTHMA

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISORDER (COPD)

30
Q

Symptoms of Mold Exposure

A

SNEEZING

RUNNY OR STUFFY NOSE

ITCHY EYES, NOSE AND THROAT

COUGH AND POSTNASAL DRIP

WATERY EYES

WHEEZING

COLD AND FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

SINUS CONGESTION

CHRONIC FATIGUE AND WEAKNESS

DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING

HEADACHES AND LIGHT SENSITIVITY

SKIN RASHES

31
Q

The fate and effects of chemicals in the environment.

A

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

32
Q

The presence in the atmosphere of one or more contaminants in such quantities and of such duration as is or tends to be injurious to human health or welfare, animal or plant life, or property. Generally, any substance introduced into the atmosphere that has damaging effects on living things and the environment.

A

AIR POLLUTION

33
Q

Major cause of all air pollution.

A

COMBUSTION

34
Q

Incomplete combustion and impurities cause the formation of side products such as:

A

CARBON MONOXIDE

SULPHUR OXIDES

NITROGEN OXIDES

FLY ASH

UNBURNED HYDROCARBONS

35
Q

Criteria air contaminants - Environment and Climate Change Canada

A

SULPHUR OXIDES (SOx)

NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx)

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)

CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

AMMONIA (NH3)

GROUND-LEVEL OZONE (O3)

36
Q

Air pollution - typical sources.

A

VEHICLE EMISSIONS

INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

SMOKE AND BURNING

BUSINESS AND INDUSTRIAL CONSTRIBUTIONS

37
Q

Vehicle emissions

A

CO

COOLANTS

NOx

SO2

VOCs

38
Q

Industrial emissions

A

WOOD-FIRED COMBUSTION - RELEASE PM, SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs

39
Q

Smoke and burning.

A

BIOMASS BURNING - RELEASE PM, NOx, CO, VOCs, FORMALDEHYDE, DIOXINS AND FURANS, OTHERS

40
Q

Business and industrial contributions.

A

WOOD INDUSTRY (FORESTRY ANS SAWMILLS) AND PULP AND PAPER - RELEASE PM, SOx, NOx AND VOCs

UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS - RELEASE SOx, NOx AND VOCs

COAL MINING, CEMENT AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION, MINING AND ROCK QUARRYING, AND ALUMINUM PRODUCTION

SMALL BUSINESS (AUTOMOTIVE SHOPS, DRY CLEANERS AND PAINT OPERATIONS) - RELEASE VARIOUS TOXIC COMPOUNDS (PAINTS, SOLVENTS, AND CLEANING AGENTS)

41
Q

Term used for a mixture of solid particulates and liquid droplets in the air.

A

PARTICULATE MATTER

42
Q

Particulate matters

A

AEROSOLS

DUST

SMOKE

FUMES

MIST

FOG

SOOT

SMOG

POLLEN

43
Q

Size of particulate matter that is directly linked to their potential for causing health problems. Can pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs.

A

PM10 - 10 micrometer in diameter

44
Q

Removed in the upper respiratory system

45
Q

Can reach the lungs.

A

PM0.5 to PM10

46
Q

Airborne particulate matter with an upper size limit of approximately 10 microns.

A

TOTAL PARTICULATE MATTER (TPM)

47
Q

Airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 10 microns.

A

PARTICULATE MATTER < 10 MICRONS (PM10)

48
Q

Airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 2.5 microns.

A

PARTICULATE MATTER <2.5 MICRONS (PM2.5)

49
Q

Wildfire smoke size.

A

0.4 MICRONS TO 0.7 MICRONS

50
Q

Principal causes of acid rain.

A

SULPHURIC AND NITRIC ACIDS

51
Q

Acid rain effect on environment.

A

DAMAGE TO TREES AND FORREST SOILS

ACIDIFICATION OF LAKE AND STREAMS

ACCELERATES THE DECAY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PAINTS (INCLUDING STATUES AND SCULPTURES)

52
Q

Highly reactive gas that is formed by set of reactions involving nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen.

A

OZONE (O3)

53
Q

Ozone effect on property.

A

ATTACKS SYNTHETIC RUBBERS (TIRES)

ATTACKS CELLULOSE IN TEXTILES, REDUCING THEIR STRENGHT

54
Q

Ozone effects in plants.

A

ABSORBED BY LEAVES AND DAMAGES LEAVES

REDUCES PHOTOSYNTHESIS

SLOW GROWTH

CAN MAKE PLANTS MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASES

55
Q

Ozone effects on human.

A

BREATHING O3 CAN TRIGGER CHEST PAIN, COUGHING, THROAT IRRITATION AND CONGESTION

CAN WORSEN BRONCHITIS, EMPHYSEMA AND ASTHMA

CAN REDUCE LUNG FUNCTION AND INFLAME THE LININGS OF THE LUNGS

REPEATED EXPOSURE MAY PERMANENTLY SCAR LUNG TISSUE

56
Q

Air pollution

A

PARTICULATE MATTER

FOREST FIRES

SULPHURIC & NITRIC ACIDS

ACID RAIN

OZONE (O3)

HEAVY METALS

HYDROCARBONS

MIGRATION

57
Q

STEL

A

SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT (STEL) - MEANS THE TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN AIR WHICH MAY NOT BE EXCEEDED OVER ANY 15-MINUTE PERIOD, LIMITED TO NO MORE THAN 4 SUCH PERIODS IN AN 8-HOUR WORK SHIFT WITH AT LEAST ONE HOUR BETWEEN ANY 2 SUCCESSIVE 15-MINUTE EXCURSION PERIODS.

58
Q

TWA

A

TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE IS AN 8-HOUR TWA LIMIT THAT MEANS CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN AIR WHICH MAY NOT BE EXCEEDED OVER A NORAMAL 8-HOUR WORK PERIOD

CMGT 7660 (8 decks)

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